Jacob van Ruysdael (Ruijsdael)

Japanese: ロイスダール - ろいすだーる(英語表記)Jacob van Ruysdael (Ruijsdael)
Jacob van Ruysdael (Ruijsdael)

Dutch painter. Born in Haarlem, presumably died in Amsterdam. A member of the Ruisdael family, famous for landscape painting, he studied painting under his father Isaac (1599-1677) and uncle Salomon (c. 1600-70). He was registered with the Haarlem painters' guild in 1648, and was active in Amsterdam from around 1657. He seems to have been a doctor and a Latin teacher. His style was established from the mid-1650s onwards, and goes beyond superficial observations of nature to depict tragic beauty unfolding under the dramatic presence of clouds, wind and water, and is characterized by scenes that often feature dead trees, ruins, cemeteries and mountain forts. For example, in "Jewish Cemetery" (Dresden State Picture Gallery) in 1955, thunderclouds rolling over a desolate valley and water flowing across medieval ruins and an ancient cemetery create a melancholic mood. This type of fantastical landscape painting, which speaks of the futility of earthly things and human activities that we can see, originates from a contemplation of nature born from a soul filled with anxiety and melancholy, and anticipates the view of nature of modern romanticism.

[Taro Nomura]

[Reference] | Landscape painting

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

オランダの画家。ハールレムに生まれ、アムステルダムで没したと推定される。風景画家として有名なロイスダール家の一員で、父イサクIsaack(1599―1677)および叔父サロモンSalomon(1600ころ―70)について絵を学んだ。1648年にハールレムの画家組合に登録され、57年ごろからアムステルダムで活躍した。彼は医者で、ラテン語の教師でもあったようである。作風は50年代のなかば以降に確立されたが、それは自然の皮相な観察を超えて、雲と風と水の劇的なたたずまいの下で繰り広げられる悲壮美を表しており、しばしば枯死した巨木や廃墟(はいきょ)や墓地や山の城塞(じょうさい)などを配した画面が特徴的である。たとえば55年の『ユダヤ人墓地』(ドレスデン国立絵画館)では、荒涼とした渓谷の上を走る雷雲、中世の廃墟と古代の墓地を横切って流れる水が、画面に沈鬱(ちんうつ)な気分を醸し出している。すべて目に触れる地上の事物や人間の営為のむなしさを物語る幻想的なこの種の風景画は、不安と憂愁に満ちた魂から生まれた自然観照に由来しており、近代的なロマンチシズムの自然観を先取りしている。

[野村太郎]

[参照項目] | 風景画

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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