Vegetarianism - Veganism

Japanese: 菜食主義 - さいしょくしゅぎ
Vegetarianism - Veganism
A way of thinking that seeks to live by consuming mainly plant-based foods and not eating meat. It is often based on religious or ideological beliefs, but not always. Buddhism and Hinduism prohibit the eating of meat, and in Christianity, the pros and cons of meat eating are often debated, and even today some sects do not eat meat. In ancient Greece, the 6th century BC philosopher Pythagoras preached abstaining from meat in the Pythagorean cult that he founded. Plato also listed plant-based foods as foods for his ideal nation, and did not include animal meat. Famous people such as Leonardo da Vinci, B. Franklin, J. Rousseau, L. Tolstoy, G. Bernard Shaw, and M. Gandhi were also vegetarians. The modern vegetarian movement began in Europe and the United States in the mid-19th century, and the word vegetarian was coined in England in 1842, and the Vegetarian Society was founded in Manchester in 1847. It later spread to the United States and France, and the World Vegetarian Congress was held in Paris in 1908. Even today, vegetarianism is supported from various perspectives, ranging from those who avoid all animal products to those who tolerate fish, eggs, and dairy products.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
主として植物性の食品を摂取し,肉食をせずに生きてゆこうとする考え方。宗教的,思想的な信条によることが多いが,そうでない場合もある。仏教やヒンドゥー教では肉食を禁じているし,キリスト教でも肉食の是非がしばしば論議され,現在でも一部の宗派では肉食をしない。また古代ギリシアでは,前6世紀の哲学者ピタゴラスが,自ら設立した〈ピタゴラス教団〉で肉食を断つように説いた。プラトンもまた,理想とする国家における食べ物として植物性のものを挙げ,動物の肉を入れていない。レオナルド・ダ・ビンチ,B.フランクリン,J.ルソー,L.トルストイ,G.バーナード・ショー,M.ガンディーといった著名な人々も菜食主義者であった。 19世紀半ばには欧米で近代菜食主義運動が起こり,1842年イギリスでベジタリアンvegetarianという言葉が生まれ,1847年マンチェスターで〈ベジタリアン協会〉が設立された。その後アメリカやフランスにも広がり,1908年にはパリで世界菜食主義者大会が開かれた。現代でも種々の観点から菜食は支持されているが,すべての動物性食品をとらない立場から,魚や卵,乳製品などは許容する立場までいろいろある。

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