The Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou

Japanese: 揚州八怪 - ようしゅうはっかい
The Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou

This refers to eight extremely unique painters who were active in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1736-1795). The eight names are Jin Dongxin, Zheng Sub, Li Zhan, Huang Shen, Luo Ping, Li Fangying, Wang Zishen, and Gao Xiang, but sometimes Gao Fenghan and Min Zhen are also included. In this case, "strange" means "something unusual," and each of the eight painters had their own strong individuality and unique style of painting, with no commonality between them. However, they all have in common that few of their works have landscapes as their subject matter, and most of them have flowers or people as their subjects. They also all began painting at a relatively late age.

At that time, Yangzhou was the salt capital and boasted economic prosperity, thriving. The majority of salt merchants were from other places, which gave the city an air of freedom. Salt merchants maintained luxurious mansions and gardens, collected calligraphy, paintings, antiques, and books for literati and scholars to peruse, and spent their lives savoring poetry, calligraphy, and painting. The elegant ceremonies they hosted attracted literati, scholars, and painters, and the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou also joined these gatherings, sometimes receiving their patronage. The Xiao Linglong Mountain Residence of salt merchant brothers Ma Weiqian and Ma Weilu was famous for being a central presence.

[Kondo Hidemi]

[Reference items] | Kim Dongsin | Jung Seop | Ratian | Lee Pi
Kin Toshin "Plum Blossoms in Ink"
Qing Dynasty (1759) Work section 125.4 x 43.2 cm, owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art ">

Kin Toshin "Plum Blossoms in Ink"

Jeong Sop's "Distant Mountains and Smoke Bamboos"
Qing Dynasty (1753), set of four panels, 272.4 x 68.6 cm each, owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Jeong Sop's "Distant Mountains and Smoke Bamboos"

Luo Pei's "Drinking in the Garden of Luo"
Qing Dynasty (1773) Artwork 80 x 54.6 cm ( owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art )

Luo Pei's "Drinking in the Garden of Luo"


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、清(しん)代乾隆(けんりゅう)年間(1736~1795)に江蘇(こうそ)省揚州で活躍した8人のきわめて個性的な画家たちをいう。8人の名前は、金冬心(きんとうしん)、鄭燮(ていしょう)、李鱓(りぜん)、黄慎(こうしん)、羅聘(らへい)、李方膺(りほうよう)、汪子慎(おうししん)、高翔(こうしょう)であるが、高鳳翰(こうほうかん)、閔貞(びんてい)を入れる場合もある。この場合の「怪」とは「常ならぬもの」といった意味で、8人の画家もそれぞれ強烈な個性で独自の画風の絵を描き、互いの間に画風の共通性はない。しかし、山水を主題にしたものが少なく、花卉(かき)、人物などに題材をとったものが多く、また絵を描き始めた年齢もみな比較的遅かった、という点では共通する。

 当時の揚州は、塩都として経済的繁栄を誇り、活況を呈していた。塩商の大部分が他郷からきた人々で、そのおかげで街に自由な雰囲気があふれていた。塩商は豪華な邸宅・庭園を営み、書画、骨董(こっとう)、書籍などを集めて文人、学者の鑑覧に供し、自らも詩文書画をたしなむ生活を送った。彼らの催す文雅の会には、文人、学者、画家が集まったが、揚州八怪の面々もこれに加わり、ときには彼らの庇護(ひご)を受けることもあった。塩商馬曰琯(ばえつかん)・馬曰璐(えつろ)兄弟の小玲瓏(れいろう)山館はその中心的存在として有名である。

[近藤秀実]

[参照項目] | 金冬心 | 鄭燮 | 羅聘 | 李鱓
金冬心『墨梅図』
清代(1759年) 作品部125.4×43.2cmメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

金冬心『墨梅図』

鄭燮『遠山煙竹図』
清代(1753年) 四幅対 各272.4×68.6cmメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

鄭燮『遠山煙竹図』

羅聘『篠園飲酒図』
清代(1773年) 作品部80×54.6cmメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

羅聘『篠園飲酒図』


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Gazette of Yongzhou

>>:  Yang Xiu-qing (English spelling)

Recommend

Inbred - Golden pheasant

A genetically homogeneous population of plants or ...

Cam Ranh Bay - Cam Ranh Wan (English name) Vinh Cam Ranh

A bay in Khanh Hoa Province, in the south-central ...

Ingolstadt (English spelling)

A city in Bavaria in southeastern Germany. It is l...

Ch'oe Cheu

[Born] King Sunjo 24 (1824) [Died] 1st year of Kin...

nur al-anwār (English spelling)

…Therefore, in order to understand the whole trut...

Mr. Isobe

…Rice from the official fields in the Kinai regio...

Murru

…It is an aromatic gum resin of the Boswellia gen...

Goyu - Goyu

A post station that has existed since the Middle A...

Henry, L.

...The most representative example of this is the...

Yukawa [village] - Yugawa

A village in Kawanuma County, northwest of Fukushi...

Kändler - Johann Joachim Kändler

German potter. Born in Fischbach, Saxony. Invited...

Yoshiyagasa

A straw hat. It was first worn by Yoshiya Uemura a...

Fetishism - Fetishism (English spelling)

In religious studies and cultural anthropology, i...

False turtle - False turtle

A perennial vine (illustration) of the family Botr...

Dog sled racing - Dog sled racing

This is a competitive version of dog sledding, als...