Born: December 31, 1838 in Marsanne [Died] December 20, 1929. Montélimar. French politician. Seventh President of the Third Republic (in office 1899-1906). After working as a lawyer, he became a member of the Chamber of Deputies in 1876. He supported the cause of the Republican Party and worked especially hard to make primary education free and compulsory. In 1885, he became a Senator, and from December 1887 to March 1888, he was Minister of Public Works. In February 1892, he became Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior, but resigned in November due to the Panama Affair. However, he continued as Minister of the Interior for a short time under the successor Prime Minister. In 1899, he became President of the Republic. He led the resolution of the Dreyfus Affair. The case of Jewish officer Alfred Dreyfus, who was found guilty of treason on uncertain evidence in 1894, had caused an uproar that divided French society. Dreyfus was recalled from his exile on the island of Diable and found guilty again by a military court, but Roubaix granted him a pardon and revoked the order for his expulsion. This marked a victory for the Republican forces over the royalists, the Catholic clergy, and the military. Another achievement was the complete separation of the French state and the church in 1905 (see Act on Separation of Church and State). He was also active in diplomacy, visiting Nicholas II of Russia and Edward VII of England, as well as Vittorio Emanuele III of Italy, which infuriated Pope Pius X. In April 1904, he signed the Entente Cordiale, which resolved the conflict between Britain and France over colonies, improving relations with Britain. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1838.12.31. マルサンヌ [没]1929.12.20. モンテリマール フランスの政治家。第三共和政第7代大統領(在任 1899~1906)。弁護士を経て 1876年に下院議員となり,共和党の理念を支持して,特に普通初等教育の無償化・義務化の実現のために働いた。1885年上院議員,1887年12月から 1888年3月まで公共事業大臣。1892年2月に首相および内務大臣に就任したが,パナマ事件のため 11月に辞任。しかし後任首相のもとで短期間内務相を続けた。1899年共和国大統領に就任。ドレフュス事件を解決に導いた。ユダヤ人将校アルフレッド・ドレフュスが 1894年に不確かな証拠により反逆罪とされた事件は,フランス社会を二分する騒ぎを引き起こしていた。流刑地のディアブル島から呼び戻されたドレフュスは,軍法会議によって再び有罪となったが,ルーベは特赦を与え,国外追放命令を撤回した。この措置は共和党勢力の,王統派,カトリック教会の聖職者,軍部に対する勝利を示すものとなった。もうひとつの業績は,1905年にフランス国家と教会の完全な分離を成し遂げたことである(→政教分離法)。外交にも積極的で,ロシアのニコライ2世,イギリスのエドワード7世などを訪問したほか,イタリアのビットリオ・エマヌエレ3世を訪問してローマ教皇ピウス10世を激怒させた。1904年4月にはイギリスとフランスの植民地をめぐる対立を解消する英仏協商を締結し,イギリスとの関係を改善した。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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