Sanskrit (English spelling)

Japanese: サンスクリット(英語表記)Sanskrit
Sanskrit (English spelling)
A language belonging to the Indo-European branch of the Indo-European language family. It means "purified, refined, and perfected." It is based on Vedic, which has a huge amount of literature on mythology, rituals, and philosophy from around 1200 BC to around 200 BC, and is a typical inflected language with complex case declensions and verb inflections. The grammarian Panini, who lived in the 5th to 4th century BC, standardized the grammar of this Vedic language and established Classical Sanskrit. In a broad sense, Sanskrit includes Vedic, but it usually refers to Classical Sanskrit. After that, it completely separated from the colloquial layer and played a role in conveying Indian philosophy, literature, and religion as a fixed literary and cultural language. It uses the Devanagari script. In the 19th century, the linguistic similarities between Sanskrit and Greek were noticed in Europe, which led to the concept of the Indo-European language family and the establishment of comparative linguistics. The Japanese language includes words such as " husband," " garan ," and " naraku " through the Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures. ◇Also called Sanskrit .

Source: Kodansha Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages

Japanese:
インドヨーロッパ語族のインド語派に属する言語。「浄化・洗練・完成された」言語を意味する。その基盤にあるのはベーダ語で、紀元前1200年ごろから前200年ごろまでの神話、祭式、哲学に関する膨大な量の文献をもち、典型的な屈折語として複雑な格変化と動詞の曲用をおこなう。このベーダ語の文法を、前5~前4世紀の文法学者パーニニがまとめて規範化し、古典サンスクリットを確立させた。広い意味ではサンスクリットにベーダ語を含めるが、普通はこの古典サンスクリットをさす。その後、口語層からは完全に離れ、固定された文語・教養語としてインドの哲学、文学、宗教を伝える役割をになった。文字はデーバナーガリー文字を使う。19世紀にヨーロッパでサンスクリットとギリシア語の言語上の類似が着目され、そのことがインドヨーロッパ語族という概念や比較言語学の成立のきっかけとなった。日本語には仏典の漢訳を通して「旦那(だんな)」「伽藍(がらん)」「奈落(ならく)」などの語彙(ごい)が入っている。◇梵語(ぼんご)ともいう。

出典 講談社世界の主要言語がわかる事典について 情報

<<:  Sansuke

>>:  Samskara (English spelling)

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