French mathematician. Born in Beauvais, he studied at the École Normale Supérieure and the University of Paris. He served as a lecturer at the universities of Rennes and Poitiers (1902-1910), and after serving as a professor at the University of Paris, he became a professor at the Collège de France in 1921. He became a member of the Academie des Sciences in 1922. In his doctoral thesis entitled "Integrals, Length and Area" in 1902, he created a theory of integration of measurable functions based on "perfectly additive measures", which is not only an essential extension of the Riemann integral that came before, but also clearly demonstrated that differentiation and integration are inverse operations. This gave theories for freely using calculus, such as the "term-by-term differential theorem", the "term-by-term integral theorem", and "Fubini's theorem", which guarantees the possibility of calculating double integrals by iterative integrals and of exchanging the order of iterative integrals, and modernized the calculus that was started by Newton and Leibniz. [Kousaku Yoshida] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの数学者。ボーベに生まれ、高等師範学校(エコール・ノルマル・シュペリュール)とパリ大学に学んだ。レンヌおよびポアチエの大学で講師を務め(1902~1910)、パリ大学教授を経て、1921年コレージュ・ド・フランス教授となる。1922年科学アカデミー会員となる。1902年、「積分・長さおよび面積」と題する学位論文において、「完全加法的測度」に基づく可測関数の積分論を創始、それ以前のリーマン積分の本質的な拡張であるばかりでなく、微分と積分とが互いに逆演算であることを明確に示した。これは、「項別微分定理」や「項別積分定理」、また二重積分を反復積分で計算し、反復積分の順序交換をすることの可能性を保証する「フビニFubiniの定理」など微積分を自在に駆使するための理論を与え、ニュートンとライプニッツに始まる微分積分法を現代的にした。 [吉田耕作] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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