Theocracy - Theocracy

Japanese: 神権政治 - しんけんせいじ

A translation of theocracy. A system in which the power of the ruler is considered to be given by God. In reality, those who govern are often considered to be God's spokespersons. This is often seen in ancient societies where religion and politics were undifferentiated, such as the despotic monarchies in the ancient Orient where political rulers also served as priests, and the Yin dynasty in China where the king, as the chief priest, ruled by tortoise divination. Other examples include the Pope of Rome controlling secular power, the city government of Geneva under Calvin's rule during the Protestant Reformation, and Massachusetts in the United States during the colonial period. In Japan, the ancient Emperor system, based on the idea of unity of religion and politics, is considered an example.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

theocracyの訳語。支配者の権力が神から与えられたものとされる体制。実際には，政治を司る者が神の代弁者と見なされている場合が多い。古代オリエントで政治的支配者が神官を兼ねた専制君主政治，中国の殷(いん)代に王が祭司の長として亀卜(きぼく)をもって行った政治など，宗教と政治が未分化であった古代社会に多くみられる。ほかにもローマ教皇が世俗権力を支配した例や，宗教改革期にカルバンが支配したジュネーブ市政，および植民地時代のアメリカのマサチューセッツが挙げられる。日本では祭政一致の思想に基づく古代天皇制がその例とされる。

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