Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary historian. Born into a distinguished family in Budapest, he received his doctorate in literature from the University of Budapest, and studied under Simmel at the University of Berlin and M. Weber at the University of Heidelberg. He later underwent an ideological change, joining the Communist Party in 1918, and served as Minister of Culture and Education when the Hungarian Soviet Republic was established, centered around Béla Kun. He clashed with Kun over the issue of the underground movement, and clarified his position in History and Class Consciousness (1923), but was deemed "biased" and expelled from the party's core. However, after Hitler came to power, he defected to Moscow, where, after repeated self-criticism, he studied aesthetics and literary history at the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences. He returned to Hungary in 1944 and wrote his magnum opus, The Young Hegel (1948) and The Destruction of Reason (1952). During the 1956 upheaval, he took an anti-Soviet stance as a leader of the Petowy Group, and served for a time as Minister of Culture in the Nagy government, but was exiled to Romania. He was pardoned in 1957 and returned to Budapest, where he thereafter devoted himself to the study of aesthetics. His philosophy is significantly different from Soviet Marxism. First, he does not accept dialectics of nature, but takes the position of the unity of the subjective and objective through social practice. Second, he emphasizes the ideal pioneering of the avant-garde in contrast to economic determinism, and has a vision of recovering from alienation in the self-awareness of the proletariat. Third, he does not take the position of reflection theory, but believes that the generating reality, which includes the function of thought, realizes the truth as a whole through the movement of the proletariat. However, after World War II, he also showed an approach to Soviet thinking. His other works include A Short History of German Literature (1945-1947) and Existentialism or Marxism (1948). [Naotake Kato November 17, 2015] "A Short History of German Literature, translated by Obase Takuzo et al. (1951, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Existentialism or Marxism?, translated by Shirozuka Noboru et al. (1953, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Beauty and Dialectics, by Gyorgi Lukacs, translated by Ryochi Riki, Ikeda Sadao et al. (1970, Hosei University Press)" ▽ "The Collected Works of Lukacs, translated by Kunimatsu Koji, Kawamura Jiro et al., all 13 volumes (1986-1987, Hakusuisha)" ▽ "Lukacs, by Parkinson, translated by Aoki Junzo and Hariya Hiroshi (1983, Miraisha)" [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ハンガリーのマルクス主義哲学者、文学史家。ブダペストの名家の生まれ。ブダペスト大学で文学博士号をとり、ベルリン大学でジンメルに、ハイデルベルク大学でM・ウェーバーに師事した。のち思想的転機を経て、1918年に共産党に入党し、ベラ・クンを中心とするハンガリー・ソビエト共和国樹立に際しては、文化教育相を務めた。地下運動の問題でクンと対立し、彼は『歴史と階級意識』(1923)で自己の立場を明らかにしたが、「偏向」とみなされ、党の中央を追われた。 しかし、ヒトラー登場後、モスクワに亡命し、自己批判を重ねて科学学士院の哲学研究所で美学、文学史を研究。1944年ハンガリーに帰国し、大著『若きヘーゲル』(1948)、『理性の破壊』(1952)を著した。1956年の動乱にはペトウィ団の指導者として反ソ派の立場をとり、一時はナジ政権の文化相を務めたが、ルーマニアに追放された。1957年許されてブダペストに帰り、以後美学研究に専念した。 彼の哲学は、ソビエト系のマルクス主義とは著しく異なっている。第一に、自然弁証法を認めず、社会的実践を通じての主観・客観の合一という立場をとること。第二に、経済決定論に対して前衛の理想的先駆性を重視し、プロレタリアートの自己認識において、疎外からの回復を図るという構想をもつこと。第三に、反映論の立場をとらず、思惟(しい)の働きを含むものとしての、生成する実在がプロレタリアートの運動を媒介として、全体性としての真理を実現すると考える点である。しかし、第二次世界大戦後はソビエト系の考え方への接近を示してもいる。著書にはほかに『ドイツ文学小史』(1945~1947)、『実存主義かマルクス主義か』(1948)などがある。 [加藤尚武 2015年11月17日] 『小場瀬卓三他訳『ドイツ文学小史』(1951・岩波書店)』▽『城塚登他訳『実存主義かマルクス主義か』(1953・岩波書店)』▽『ジョルジ・ルカッチ著、良知力・池田貞夫他訳『美と弁証法』(1970・法政大学出版局)』▽『国松孝二・川村二郎他訳『ルカーチ著作集』全13巻(1986~1987・白水社)』▽『パーキンソン著、青木順三・針谷寛訳『ルカーチ』(1983・未来社)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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