This government agency had general administration over communications and transportation. It was established in December 1885 (Meiji 18) with the launch of the cabinet system. Its first minister was Enomoto Takeaki. It was established when the Post Office and Ship Management Bureau were transferred from the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, and the Telegraph Bureau and Lighthouse Bureau from the Ministry of Public Works. It is said that the name of the ministry, Teishin, was created by taking one character from each of the words 'post' and 'denshin'. The familiar postal symbol, 〒, was also established in February 1887. It is a stylized version of the katakana initial of the Ministry of Communications and Posts, 'te'. Initially, the Ministry of Communications was in charge of postal services, postal money orders, savings, telegraphs, and shipping. Eventually, it established the telephone business in 1890. From 1892 to 1909 (Meiji 42), it also had jurisdiction over railway administration. In addition, it took charge of electricity administration from 1909, and aviation administration from 1923 (Taisho 12). Furthermore, it established postal insurance in October 1916, and postal pensions in 1926. This huge organization was dissolved in November 1943 (Showa 18) as part of administrative reorganization, and when the new Ministry of Transport and Communications was established, it became its external bureau, the Communications Agency. In May 1945, it was renamed the Communications Agency and transferred to the Cabinet, but in July 1946 (Showa 21), it was revived as the Ministry of Communications. However, its jurisdiction was reduced to communications administration only. On June 1, 1949, it was split into the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and the Ministry of Telecommunications, bringing an end to its half-century history. Furthermore, in 2001 (Heisei 13), the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications was merged with the Management and Coordination Agency and other organizations to become the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. The postal business was taken over by the national corporation "Japan Post Public Corporation" established in 2003, and further, following the privatization and division of the corporation in 2007, it was taken over by the various companies of the Japan Post Group. The Ministry of Telecommunications was privatized in 1985 (Showa 60) as Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, and became Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Co., Ltd. The name of the Ministry of Communications remains in the name of the Communications Memorial Day on April 20th and the Communications Museum. [Osamu Yamaguchi] [Reference items] | | | | | |The office was located in Kobikicho, Kyobashi Ward (currently Ginza, Chuo Ward, Tokyo). "Photographic Edition of Tokyo Scenery" (1893 (Meiji 26)) Owned by the National Diet Library . Ministry of Communications Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
通信および交通運輸の行政を総轄した官庁。1885年(明治18)12月、内閣制度の発足に伴って新設された。初代大臣は榎本武揚(えのもとたけあき)。駅逓局と管船局を農商務省から、電信局と灯台局を工部省から、それぞれ移管して発足。逓信という省名も、駅逓と電信から一字ずつとって新造されたといわれる。郵便のマークとして親しまれている〒も、87年2月に制定された。逓信省のかたかなの頭文字テを図案化したものである。当初の逓信省は、郵便、郵便為替(かわせ)および貯金、電信、海運の全般を管掌した。やがて1890年から電話事業を創始。92年から1909年(明治42)までは、鉄道行政も管轄した。また09年から電気行政、23年(大正12)から航空行政を管轄。さらに1916年10月には簡易保険、26年には郵便年金を創始した。 こうして膨大となった機構も、1943年(昭和18)11月、行政整理のため解体され、運輸通信省の新設とともに、通信院として、その外局となる。45年5月、逓信院と改称、内閣に移管されたが、46年(昭和21)7月にはふたたび逓信省として復活した。ただし、その所管は通信行政のみに縮小された。49年6月1日、郵政省と電気通信省に分割され、半世紀にわたる歴史を閉じた。さらに、郵政省は2001年(平成13)総務庁などと統合されて総務省となった。郵政事業は、2003年発足の国営公社「日本郵政公社」に引き継がれ、さらに、2007年同公社の民営化、分社化に伴い、日本郵政グループ各社に引き継がれていった。電気通信省は日本電信電話公社を経て1985年(昭和60)民営化され、日本電信電話株式会社となった。なお、逓信省の省名は、4月20日の逓信記念日や逓信総合博物館などの呼称として残っている。 [山口 修] [参照項目] | | | | | |京橋区木挽町(現在の東京都中央区銀座)にあった庁舎。『東京景色写真版』(1893年〈明治26〉)国立国会図書館所蔵"> 逓信省 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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