Poinsettia - Poinsettia (English spelling)

Japanese: ポインセチア - ぽいんせちあ(英語表記)poinsettia
Poinsettia - Poinsettia (English spelling)

A winter-hardy shrub of the Euphorbiaceae family (APG classification: Euphorbiaceae). Its Japanese name is Shojouboku (scarlet tree). Native to Mexico. The stems can reach 4-5 meters, but are usually grown to a height of 30-50 cm, and are mainly used as potted plants and occasionally as cut flowers. It is a short-day plant that blooms around December, so it is widely used as a Christmas flower. The leaves are egg-shaped elliptical or lanceolate, and somewhat large. When the days are short, flower buds form at the top of the stem and small flowers bloom, and the bracts that unfold around them are beautifully colored and are ornamental. The bracts are usually red, but can also be pink or pale yellowish white. The name Shojouboku comes from the fact that the red bracts resemble the face of a scarlet sage (an imaginary animal, believed to be a type of monkey). There are many varieties, including Annett Högg and Dark Red, which last a long time even in low temperatures, as well as Gutbier, V-10 and V-14, which are widely cultivated. Propagation is by cuttings, and after potting, the tops are pinched off to produce several stems. When the stems grow too long, a dwarfing agent is sprayed to keep them at an appropriate height, allowing them to grow into a visually pleasing plant. Place in full sun and keep the temperature at a minimum of 8°C in winter.

[Yoshiyuki Uemura, June 23, 2020]

Cultural history

The name poinsettia is connected to Mexican history. The first American ambassador to Mexico, Joel Robert Poinset (1779-1851), was dismissed from his post as ambassador after being held responsible for his involvement in the Mexican Civil War. When he returned to his home country, he brought back flowering trees, one of which was named after him by American botanist Graham, who created the genus Poinsettia in memory of Poinsettia. The genus Poinsettia has now been transferred to the genus Euphorbia , but the name poinsettia remains as a common name.

[Hiroshi Yuasa June 23, 2020]

Poinsettia
A shrub native to Mexico. Around December, flower buds form at the top of the stem and small flowers bloom. The beautiful bracts that unfold around the flowers make this a potted plant that is indispensable as a Christmas decoration. The bracts are usually red, but they can also be pink or pale yellowish white. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose ">

Poinsettia


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

トウダイグサ科(APG分類:トウダイグサ科)の不耐冬性低木。和名ショウジョウボク(猩々木)。メキシコ原産。茎は伸ばせば4~5メートルにもなるが、普通30~50センチメートルの丈に育て、おもに鉢物、まれに切り花として利用する。短日性植物で、12月ころに開花するので、クリスマスの花として広く用いる。葉は卵状楕円(だえん)形または披針(ひしん)形で、やや大きい。短日になると茎頂に花芽を形成して小花を開くが、その周りに展開する包葉が美しく着色し、観賞の対象になる。包葉は普通赤色であるが、桃、淡黄白色などもある。ショウジョウボクの名は、赤色の包葉を猩々(想像上の動物で、サルの一種であるとする)の顔に見立てたもの。品種も多く、低温でも長もちするアンネット・ヘッグ、ダークレッドなどのほか、グートビーア、V‐10やV‐14が広く栽培される。繁殖は挿芽により、鉢上げ後、一度摘心して茎を数本立ちにする。茎が伸びるときは矮化(わいか)剤を散布して丈を適度に抑え、眺めやすい姿に育てる。十分日に当て、冬季は最低8℃以上に保つ。

[植村猶行 2020年6月23日]

文化史

ポインセチアの名は、メキシコの歴史にまつわる。アメリカの初代メキシコ大使ジョエル・ポインセットJoel Robert Poinset(1779―1851)は、メキシコ内乱に介入した責任をとらされ、大使を解任された。帰国の際に花木を持ち帰ったが、その一つに、アメリカの植物学者グラハムがポインセットを記念し、ポインセチア属Poinsetiaを設けた。ポインセチア属は現在はトウダイグサ属Euphorbiaに移されているが、ポインセチアの名は一般名称として残った。

[湯浅浩史 2020年6月23日]

ポインセチア
メキシコ原産の低木。12月ごろ、茎頂に花芽を形成して小花を開く。花の周りに展開する包葉が美しく、クリスマスの装飾花として欠かせない鉢花となっている。包葉は普通赤色であるが、桃色、淡黄白色などもある©Shogakukan 撮影/広瀬雅敏">

ポインセチア


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