A general term for chlorite minerals, also called chlorite, which is important as a rock-forming mineral and clay-forming mineral. Its crystal structure is characterized by two layers of tetrahedrons of silicon (some of which may be replaced by aluminum, iron, boron, etc.) sandwiching an octahedron of metal atoms, and an octahedron of metal atoms and water molecules between these composite layers. More than 11 mineral names have been given to it depending on the change in chemical composition. Examples include clinochlore, chamosite, and sudoite. Those with aluminum or magnesium as the main components are colorless to white, while those containing iron are often greenish. Those containing chromium are reddish purple. Those with manganese as the main component are brownish. It is usually a collection of earthy or muddy or fine scale-like crystals, but occasionally hexagonal or triangular prism-shaped crystals can be seen. It occurs in large quantities as a major component of metamorphic rocks formed at low temperatures, especially greenschist and greenstone (metamorphosed basic rocks). It also occurs as a clay mineral in various volcanic and pyroclastic rocks that have been hydrothermally altered, as a late product of granitic pegmatites, and as an altered product of pyroxene, amphibole, and mica. It is useful as clay. Minerals in this group are generally green in color, so the name comes from the Greek word for green. [Satoshi Matsubara] [References] | | | | | | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
緑泥石鉱物の総称で、クロライトともいい、造岩鉱物、造粘土鉱物として重要。ケイ素(一部、アルミニウム、鉄、ホウ素などが置換することがある)の四面体がつくる二つの層が、金属原子がつくる八面体の層を挟み、さらにこれらの複合層の間に金属原子と水分子でつくる八面体の層が入っていることを結晶構造上の特徴とする。化学成分の変化によって、11種以上の鉱物名がつけられている。たとえば、クリノクロア、シャモス石、須藤石(すどうせき)などがある。アルミニウムやマグネシウムを主成分とするものは無色から白色、鉄を含むものは緑色系が多い。クロムを含むものは赤紫色になる。マンガンを主成分とするものは褐色系となる。普通、土~泥状あるいは微細な鱗片(りんぺん)状結晶の集合であるが、まれに六角ないし三角柱状の結晶がみられることがある。低温でできた変成岩、とくに緑色片岩や緑色岩(変成した塩基性岩)の主要な構成鉱物として多量に産する。ほかに、熱水変質を受けた各種火山岩、火砕岩中に粘土鉱物として産し、また花崗(かこう)岩質ペグマタイトの末期生成物として、また、輝石、角閃(かくせん)石、雲母(うんも)などの変質物としても普通にみられる。粘土としての利用価値がある。このグループの鉱物は緑色系をしているのが一般的なので、緑色を意味するギリシア語から命名された。 [松原 聰] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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