Beryl is a cyclosilicate mineral. It is transparent or translucent, and crystals are vertically striationed, hexagonal long columns, or rarely short columns. It is the most important ore of beryllium, and good crystals are used as gemstones. Highly valued gemstones include dark green emerald, blue-green aquamarine, and pink morganite. It is found mainly in granitic pegmatites, and is accompanied by quartz, albite, and muscovite. In Japan, famous production areas include the Ishikawa region of Fukushima Prefecture, the Tsukuba region of Ibaraki Prefecture, Kurobera, Kofu City, Yamanashi Prefecture, the Naegi region of Gifu Prefecture, and Sugiyama, Fuji Town, Saga Prefecture, but good crystals are scarce, and only a few aquamarine species have been found in the Kurobe and Naegi regions. It is also found in greisen and pneumatic veins with quartz and muscovite, and was once mined as beryllium ore at Fukuoka Mine (now closed) in Nakatsugawa City, Gifu Prefecture. In Utah, USA, red crystals are found in rhyolite cavities, along with quartz, topaz, and bixbyite. Emeralds from Colombia, Russia, Austria, and other countries are found in gneiss, phyllite, biotite schist, and marl, or in veins cutting through them. Aquamarine is famous from Brazil, Madagascar, and Pakistan. Ordinary beryl is found widely throughout the world. The name comes from the Greek word beryllos, which was apparently used in ancient times to refer to one or more green minerals. However, its original meaning is unknown. [Satoshi Matsubara] [References] | | | | | | | | | [Additional Information] |©Central Gem Laboratory "> Emerald (Beryl) [Raw Stone] ©Central Gem Laboratory "> Emerald Made in Kurodaira, Kofu City, Yamanashi Prefecture ©Shogakukan Aquamarine (Raw Stone) ©Central Gem Laboratory "> Aquamarine ©Central Gem Laboratory "> Morganite Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
シクロ珪酸(けいさん)塩鉱物の一つ。ベリルともいい、透明ないし半透明で縦に条線のある六角の長柱状、まれに短柱状結晶をすることがある。ベリリウムのもっとも重要な鉱石となるほか、良質な結晶は宝石として利用される。宝石種として価値が高いのは、濃緑色のエメラルド、青緑色のアクアマリン、桃色のモルガナイトなどである。おもに花崗(かこう)岩質ペグマタイト中に産し、石英、曹長(そうちょう)石、白雲母(しろうんも)などを伴う。日本では、福島県石川地方、茨城県筑波(つくば)地方、山梨県甲府市黒平(くろべら)、岐阜県苗木地方、佐賀県富士町杉山などが有名な産地であるが、良結晶はほとんどなく、黒平や苗木地方からわずかにアクアマリン種が出たことがある。ほかに、グライゼンや気成鉱脈から石英、白雲母とともに産し、岐阜県中津川市福岡鉱山(閉山)では、かつてベリリウム鉱石として採掘されていたことがある。アメリカ合衆国ユタ州では流紋岩の晶洞から、石英、黄玉、ビクスビ鉱を伴って赤色の結晶が産する。コロンビア、ロシア、オーストリアなどのエメラルドは、片麻(へんま)岩、千枚岩、黒雲母片岩、泥灰岩中またはそれらを切る脈に産する。アクアマリンはブラジル、マダガスカル、パキスタン産が有名。普通の緑柱石は世界中に広く産する。ギリシア語のベリロスberyllosに由来するが、大昔この名前は一種以上の緑色をした鉱物に対して使われたらしい。しかし、その本来の意味は不明。 [松原 聰] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | [補完資料] |©中央宝石研究所"> エメラルド(緑柱石)〔原石〕 ©中央宝石研究所"> エメラルド 山梨県甲府市黒平産©Shogakukan"> アクアマリン〔原石〕 ©中央宝石研究所"> アクアマリン ©中央宝石研究所"> モルガナイト 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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