Barium sulfate

Japanese: 硫酸バリウム - りゅうさんばりうむ(英語表記)barium sulfate
Barium sulfate

Barium sulfate. It occurs naturally as barite. When it is crushed and elutriated, it becomes elutriated barium sulfate (baryte powder), and when it is reduced and roasted to produce a sulfide, and then the resulting aqueous solution is added with sodium sulfate to precipitate it, it becomes precipitated barium sulfate. Naturally occurring barium sulfate is usually colored by impurities, but pure barium sulfate is colorless. Depending on the conditions of precipitation, it can take a variety of forms, from colloidal to relatively large crystals. It is practically insoluble in water. It is stable to air and heat, and does not discolor even when exposed to hydrogen sulfide. It is most commonly used as a white pigment, and when mixed with zinc sulfide, it is called lithopone.

[Torii Yasuo]

Barium sulfate as a pigment

Widely used stable extender pigments include precipitated barium sulfate and baryte powder (elutriated barium sulfate).

(1) Precipitated barium sulfate: Coke and coal are added to barite powder, and the mixture is reduced and fired in a rotary kiln at 700-1000°C. The product is leached with water to obtain an aqueous solution of barium sulfide, to which a previously purified aqueous solution of sodium sulfate is added to precipitate barium sulfate. The concentration of the raw material liquid and the reaction temperature affect the shape and size of the particles, so the reaction conditions are set according to the application. Orthorhombic crystal system, very high whiteness. Insoluble in all liquids except concentrated sulfuric acid and molten alkali. Excellent light resistance, weather resistance, and heat resistance. Refractive index is 1.64, and its hiding power is greater than that of barite powder. It is used in extender pigments, paints, printing inks, art paper, rubber or plastic fillers, battery plate fillers, and special applications as a contrast agent for X-rays.

(2) Barite Powder Barite is selected, crushed, washed, classified, and then added with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid and heated to dissolve and remove impurities such as iron to produce the product. Its chemical properties are the same as precipitated barium sulfate, but since it is made by crushing the ore, it is a free-flowing powder with a specific gravity of 4.0-4.5, the heaviest of all extender pigments, and has a refractive index of 1.63, making it transparent in linseed oil. It is used as an extender pigment for paints, as a filler for rubber and plastics, and as a special application, it is filled into rubber and other materials for radiation shielding. Dry-crushed barite can also be used as a wall material for radiation shielding.

[Jun Otsuka]

Pharmaceutical

An X-ray contrast medium made by reacting water-soluble barium salts or barium hydroxide with dilute sulfuric acid or water-soluble sulfates. It is a white powder with no odor or taste. For X-ray contrast, a specially refined, arsenic-free one is used. It is usually used as a homogeneous suspension for X-ray imaging of the digestive tract, with flavorings and sweeteners added to make it easier to take, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and sodium alginate used as suspending agents.

[Fumiji Koho]

[References] | X-ray contrast media | Fillers | Lithopone [Supplementary materials] | Barium sulfate (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

バリウムの硫酸塩。天然には重晶石として産出する。これを粉砕して水簸(すいひ)にかけたものを水簸性硫酸バリウム(バライト粉)、また還元焙焼(ばいしょう)して硫化物とし、その水溶液に硫酸ナトリウムを加えて沈殿させたものを沈降性硫酸バリウムという。天然産のものは通常不純物で着色されているが、純粋なものは無色。沈殿の生成条件によって、コロイド状から比較的大きな結晶までさまざまな形状をとる。水にはほとんど溶けない。空気や熱に対して安定で、硫化水素によっても変色しない。白色顔料としての用途がもっとも多く、硫化亜鉛と混合したものをリトポンという。

[鳥居泰男]

顔料としての硫酸バリウム

広く使用されている安定な体質顔料で、沈降性硫酸バリウムとバライト粉(水簸性硫酸バリウム)がある。

(1)沈降性硫酸バリウム 重晶石粉末にコークス、石炭を加え、ロータリーキルン中、700~1000℃で還元焼成し、生成物を水で浸出、硫化バリウム水溶液を得、これにあらかじめ精製した硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を加え、硫酸バリウムを沈殿させる。原料液の濃度、反応温度が粒子の形状、大きさを左右するので、用途に応じ反応条件を設定する。斜方晶系、白色度は非常に高い。濃硫酸、溶融アルカリ以外には不溶。耐光性、耐候性、耐熱性に優れている。屈折率は1.64、バライト粉より隠蔽(いんぺい)力は大きい。体質顔料、塗料、印刷インキ、アート紙、ゴムあるいはプラスチック充填(じゅうてん)剤、蓄電池の極板充填剤、特殊なものとして、レントゲン写真の造影剤に用いられる。

(2)バライト粉 重晶石を選別し、粉砕、水洗、分級し、硫酸あるいは塩酸を加え加熱し、鉄分などの不純物を溶解除去し製品とする。化学的性質は沈降性硫酸バリウムと同じであるが、鉱石を粉砕してつくるため、さらさらした粉末で、比重4.0~4.5、体質顔料中もっとも重く、屈折率は1.63、したがって、あまに油の中では透明となる。塗料用の体質顔料、ゴムやプラスチックの充填剤、特殊な用途として、ゴムなどに充填し放射線遮蔽用にする。乾式粉砕したものは、同じく放射線遮蔽用の壁材となる。

[大塚 淳]

医薬用

X線造影剤で、水溶性のバリウム塩または水酸化バリウムに希硫酸または水溶性の硫酸塩を作用させてつくる。白色の粉末で、においや味はない。X線造影用にはとくに精製し、ヒ素を含まないものが用いられる。通常、服用しやすくするために香料や甘味料などを加え、懸濁化剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)ナトリウム、アルギン酸ナトリウムを用い、均質な懸濁液として消化管のX線撮影に用いられる。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | X線造影剤 | 充填剤 | リトポン[補完資料] | 硫酸バリウム(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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