The settlements range in altitude from 400 to 2600 meters above sea level. The main rivers are the Kabul River, which originates in the Central Mountains, flows eastward into Pakistan and empties into the Indus River; the Helmand River, which also originates in the Central Mountains and flows southwestward into a lake near the border with Iran; the Hari Rūd River, which flows westward and gives the name Herat; and the Amu Darya, which flows from the Pamirs and forms the border with Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The main passes crossing the Hindu Kush from north to south include the Khāwak Pass (3600 m), which Alexander the Great and Xuanzang passed through, the Shibar Pass (3260 m), which was opened as a motorway in 1932, and the tunnel (3363 m, 2.7 km long) opened under the Sālang Pass (4075 m) in 1964. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Helmand" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…集落の高度は標高約400mから2600mに及ぶ。主要河川としては,中央山地に源を発し,東流してパキスタンに入ってインダス川に注ぐカーブル川,同じく中央山地に発して南西に流れ,イランとの国境付近の湖に注ぐヘルマンドHelmand川,西流してヘラートの地名の起源となったハリー・ルードHarī Rūd川,およびパミールから流れ出て,その上流部がタジキスタン,ウズベキスタンとの国境をなすアム・ダリヤなどがある。ヒンドゥークシュ山脈を南北に越えるおもな峠としては,カーブル寄りには,アレクサンドロス大王や玄奘が通ったハーワークKhāwak峠(3600m),1932年に自動車道として開かれたシバルShibar峠(3260m),および64年にサーラングSālang峠(4075m)の下に開通したトンネル(3363m,長さ2.7km)がある。… ※「Helmand」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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