Zinc sulfate, commonly known as the heptahydrate, is found in nature in both anhydrous and heptahydrate forms. Industrially, anhydrous zinc sulfide can be obtained by appropriately calcining zinc sulfide. Metallic zinc, zinc oxide, or zinc carbonate can be dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid, concentrated, cooled, and crystallized at 39°C or below to obtain the heptahydrate, hexahydrate ZnSO4.6H2O at 39-70°C, and monohydrate ZnSO4.H2O at 70 °C or above. The heptahydrate is colorless and odorless. It is an astringent crystal. It effloresces in air. When heated suddenly, it dissolves into water of crystallization at about 50°C, but when heated gently, it becomes a hexahydrate at 39°C, a monohydrate at 70°C, and anhydrous at 240-280°C. It is easily soluble in water. Its aqueous solution is hydrolyzed and weakly acidic. It is sparingly soluble in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). The hexahydrate is a colorless monoclinic crystal with a specific gravity of 2.072 (measured at 15°C). The monohydrate is a colorless powder. Its specific gravity is 3.28 (measured at 15°C). It is used as a pigment (as lithopone) and as a preservative, but it is also used in medicines, especially as an eye drop, for its astringent, antiseptic, and hemostatic properties. It is also designated as a highly toxic substance under the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Law. [Nakahara Katsunori] [Supplementary Material] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
亜鉛の硫酸塩で、通常は七水和物がよく知られ、皓礬(こうは)とよばれる。天然には無水和物および七水和物が産出する。 工業的には硫化亜鉛を適当に煆焼(かしょう)して無水和物が得られる。金属亜鉛または酸化亜鉛、炭酸亜鉛を希硫酸に溶解し、濃縮冷却して39℃以下で結晶化すると七水和物が、39~70℃で結晶させると六水和物ZnSO4・6H2Oが、さらに70℃以上では一水和物ZnSO4・H2Oが得られる。 七水和物は無色・無臭。収斂(しゅうれん)性のある結晶。空気中では風解する。急に熱すると約50℃で結晶水に溶けるが、穏やかに熱すると39℃で六水和物となり、70℃では一水和物となるが、さらに240~280℃では無水和物となる。水に易溶。水溶液は加水分解して弱酸性。エタノール(エチルアルコール)に難溶。 六水和物は無色単斜晶系結晶。比重2.072(測定温度15℃)。 一水和物は無色の粉末。比重3.28(測定温度15℃)。用途としては顔料(リトポンとして)、防腐剤などとして使用されるが、収斂性、防腐性、止血性を利用して医薬品として用いられ、とくに点眼薬として使用される。なお毒物および劇物取締法で指定される劇薬である。 [中原勝儼] [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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