A sulfate of aluminum. It exists in anhydrous form and in many hydrates. When aluminum hydroxide is dissolved in sulfuric acid and the solution is concentrated and cooled, the octadecahydrate Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3・18H 2 O (formula weight 664.4) is obtained. The octadecahydrate is a colorless monoclinic crystal. Its specific gravity is 1.69 (17°C). When heated gently, it turns into octadecahydrate, octadecahydrate, and hexadecahydrate, and at 350°C it turns into the anhydrous form. The anhydrous form is a colorless powder. It decomposes at 770°C. It is soluble in water, but insoluble in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). It has a sour, bitter taste. It dissolves in water at 86.9g/100g (0°C) and 107.4g/100g (20°C). It is a complex salt containing [Al(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ , and its aqueous solution hydrolyzes to produce [Al(OH)(H 2 O) 5 ] 2+ and H 3 O + , making it quite strongly acidic. Commercially available liquid aluminum sulfate refers to an aqueous solution containing 8.0-8.2% alumina. It is used as a coagulation and settling agent for purifying industrial water and wastewater, such as in water supply and sewage systems and papermaking. It is also used as a raw material for alumina white and alum, as a sizing aid, a mordant, and as a foam fire extinguishing agent. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] [References] | | | |Hydrate | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アルミニウムの硫酸塩。無水和物と多くの水和物がある。水酸化アルミニウムを硫酸に溶かした溶液を濃縮、冷却すると十八水和物Al2(SO4)3・18H2O(式量664.4)が得られる。十八水和物は無色の単斜晶系結晶。比重1.69(17℃)。穏やかに熱すると十六、十、六の各水和物を経て350℃で無水和物となる。無水和物は無色の粉末。770℃で分解する。水に可溶、エタノール(エチルアルコール)に不溶。酸味があって渋い味がする。水に86.9g/100g(0℃)、107.4g/100g(20℃)溶ける。[Al(H2O)6]3+を含む錯塩であり、水溶液は加水分解して[Al(OH)(H2O)5]2+とH3O+を生じ、かなり強い酸性である。市販の液体硫酸アルミニウムはアルミナ分8.0~8.2%を含む水溶液をさす。上・下水道や製紙などの工業用水・排水浄化の凝集沈降剤として用いられる。また、アルミナホワイト、ミョウバンなどの原料、サイジング助剤、媒染剤、泡消火薬剤としての用途がある。 [守永健一・中原勝儼] [参照項目] | | | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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