Rihanin - Rihanin

This was the central government office that oversaw the domains of the Qing dynasty of China (Inner and Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, and the Qinghai region), and had the same status and duties as the six ministries. Before the entry into the customs, Mongolian yamen (Mongolian offices) were established to govern the Mongolian tribes, but in 1638 this was reorganized as the Lifanyuan. After that, it was placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Rites for a time, but in 1661 it became an independent office again, and in 1906 it was renamed the Lifanbu. Under the supervision of the chief minister and his assistant, the Silang, each domain was left to its own autonomy without being incorporated into direct-controlled territories, which was the principle of domain governance in the Qing dynasty, so the form of governance differed for each domain. Generals and ministers were dispatched from the central government to supervise the autonomous institutions, and to handle affairs such as fiefs, tribute, trade, and court cases. Diplomatic affairs with Russia were also carried out here.

[Yoshio Hosoya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)朝の藩部（内・外蒙古(もうこ)、新疆(しんきょう)、チベット、青海地方）を統括する中央官庁で、六部(りくぶ)と並ぶ地位と職掌をもつ。入関以前に蒙古諸部族統治のために蒙古衙門(がもん)が設けられたが、1638年にこれを改設して理藩院とした。その後、一時は礼部の管轄下に置かれたが、1661年にふたたび独立官庁となり、1906年に理藩部と改称された。長官の尚書、補佐役の侍郎の下に、清朝の藩部統治の原則である直轄領に編入することなく各部族の自治にゆだねたため、各藩部ごとにその統治形態は異なる。中央からは将軍、大臣を派遣して自治機関の監督、封爵、朝貢、貿易、裁判などの事務を行わせた。また、ロシアとの外交事務もここで行われた。

［細谷良夫］

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