Li Keqiang

One of the warlords of the late Tang Dynasty in China. His eldest son was Li Cunxu, the founder of the Later Tang Dynasty of the Five Dynasties. His temple name was Taizu. He was a member of the Turkic Shatuo tribe and his original surname was Zhu Xie, but his father Zhu Xie Chixin was given the surname Li Guochang by the Tang Dynasty for his military achievements and became the Zhenwu Jiedushi (governing Shuo County, Shanxi Province). Li Keyong grew up to be a military commander in the north, and was known as the One-Eyed Dragon because of his bravery and small eye. The elite troops he led were feared and called the Goat Army (goat means crow) because they wore black clothing. When the Huang Chao rebel army occupied the capital Chang'an, he responded to the Tang Dynasty's invitation and defeated the Huang Chao army repeatedly, and in recognition of his achievement in recovering Chang'an, he was awarded the title of Hedong governor (ruled Taiyuan, Shanxi Province) in 883, and later received the title of King of Jin, wielding great power. However, as warlords competed for power, he became sworn enemies, especially with Xuanwu governor Zhu Quanzhong, and they fought fiercely for over 20 years, but in his later years, Zhu Quanzhong's army temporarily surrounded Taiyuan, and he was forced into a completely inferior position, and he entrusted his future affairs to Li Cunxu before dying of illness.

[Tsuguo Takahashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、唐末の群雄の一人。五代後唐(こうとう)の建国者李存勗(りそんきょく)はその長子。廟号(びょうごう)は太祖。突厥沙陀(とっけつさだ)族の出身で本姓は朱邪(しゅや)氏であったが、父の朱邪赤心が戦功によって唐朝から李国昌(こくしょう)の姓名を賜り、振武節度使（治所は山西省朔(さく)県）となった。北辺の武将に成長した李克用は、勇猛にして片方の目が小さかったため独眼竜と称され、また彼の率いる精鋭軍は黒衣を着ていたので鵶(あ)軍（鵶はカラス）とよばれて恐れられた。黄巣(こうそう)反乱軍が首都長安を占拠すると、唐朝の招請に応じて黄巣軍を連破し、長安回復の功績第一をもって、883年河東節度使（治所は山西省太原）を授けられ、のちには晋(しん)王の爵位も受け、大勢力をもつに至った。しかし群雄割拠のおり、とくに宣武節度使朱全忠とは宿敵の間柄となり、20余年にわたって激しく抗争したが、晩年には朱全忠軍に一時太原(たいげん)が包囲されるなど、まったくの劣勢に追い込まれるなかで、後事を李存勗に託して病没した。

［高橋継男］

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