Hajime Sugiyama

Japanese: 杉山元 - すぎやまはじめ
Hajime Sugiyama

Army officer. Born in Fukuoka Prefecture on January 2, 1880. Graduated from the Army Academy in 1900 (Meiji 33) and the Army War College in 1910. After serving as Vice Minister of the Army at the start of the Manchurian Incident, Vice Chief of Staff at the time of the February 26 Incident, and Inspector General of Education, he became Army Minister in the Hayashi Senjuro Cabinet in February 1937 (Showa 12), and remained in the position in the first Konoe Fumimaro Cabinet. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, he underestimated China's resistance and advocated a hard-line stance, pushing for the Second Sino-Japanese War to become an all-out war. He served as Chief of Staff from October 1940 to February 1944, and was involved in the start and execution of the Pacific War. Records of his time as Chief of Staff remain as the "Sugiyama Memo." He later became Minister of the Army again in the Cabinet of Kuniaki Koiso, and later served as commander of the First General Army until Japan's defeat, after which he committed suicide on September 12, 1945.

[Masahiko Yamabe]

"The Story of Marshal Sugiyama" (ed., Marshal Sugiyama Biography Publishing Committee, 1969, Hara Shobo)

[Reference] | Sugiyama Memo

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

陸軍軍人。明治13年1月2日福岡県に生まれる。1900年(明治33)陸軍士官学校、1910年陸軍大学校卒業。満州事変開始時の陸軍次官、二・二六事件時の参謀次長さらに教育総監を経て、1937年(昭和12)2月林銑十郎(せんじゅうろう)内閣の陸軍大臣になり、第一次近衛文麿(このえふみまろ)内閣に留任した。盧溝橋(ろこうきょう)事件後、中国の抗戦力を軽視して強硬論を主張し、日中戦争の全面戦争化を推し進めた。1940年10月から1944年2月にかけて参謀総長を務め、太平洋戦争の開始と遂行にあたった。この参謀総長時代の記録は「杉山メモ」として残されている。こののち小磯国昭(こいそくにあき)内閣でふたたび陸軍大臣になり、その後第一総軍の司令官として敗戦を迎え、昭和20年9月12日自決した。

[山辺昌彦]

『杉山元帥伝記刊行会編『杉山元帥伝』(1969・原書房)』

[参照項目] | 杉山メモ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Heisuke Sugiyama

>>:  Shigemaru Sugiyama

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