Organ-pipe coral

Japanese: クダサンゴ - くださんご(英語表記)organ-pipe coral
Organ-pipe coral

A marine animal belonging to the phylum Coelenterata, class Anthozoa, subclass Octocorallia, order Rhizomatophora, family Culicidae. It is distributed in the Pacific and Indian Oceans south of the Amami and Ogasawara Islands, and lives in coral reef areas. The stalk and bone fragments on the body wall develop abnormally to completely cover the surface of the colony and fuse to each other to form a plate-like stalk and a tubular sheath. The polyp is contained within the tubular sheath, and this sheath gives rise to plate-like stalks at regular intervals that run perpendicular to the sheath, resulting in a structure in which a bundle of tubes is supported by several layers of horizontal plates. New zooids sprout on the plate-like stalk. The zooids spread their tentacles from the top of the tubular sheath. The eight tentacles with pinnate projections are wide and pale gray-green in color. The coeloth and stolon are deep red, but when the zoon is extended, the red skeleton under the tentacles is not visible, and it resembles a colony of ivy or sea urchins. The colony forms a sphere measuring 20 to 30 centimeters. The stomach cavity of the zoon extends down the tube, and is connected to the stomach cavities of the surrounding zoonoses by flat stolons.

It has a unique blocky skeleton among the octocorals and is considered a member of the reef-building corals. Its English name means organ pipe coral because its skeletal structure resembles the trachea of ​​a pipe organ. It is also known as 'Fukin Sango' (wind organ coral).

[Hiroomi Uchida]

[Reference item] | Eight-release corals
Tube coral (ecology)
Reddish tubular skeleton © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama ">

Tube coral (ecology)

Tube coral (individual with open polyps) (ecology)
The polyps, housed inside a tubular sheath, expand. © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama ">

A coral with its polyps open (ecology…


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

腔腸(こうちょう)動物門花虫綱八放サンゴ亜綱根生目クダサンゴ科に属する海産動物。奄美(あまみ)諸島、小笠原(おがさわら)諸島以南の太平洋およびインド洋に分布し、サンゴ礁地域に生息する。走根および体壁上の骨片が異常に発達して群体表面を完全に覆い、互いに癒合して、板状の走根と管状の被鞘(ひしょう)を形成する。ポリプは管状の被鞘中に収まり、この被鞘は一定の間隔を置いて被鞘に直行する板状の走根を派生させるため、管の束が幾層もの水平な板によって支えられている構造となる。新たな個虫は板状の走根上に出芽する。個虫は管状の被鞘の上端より触手を広げる。羽状突起をもった8本の触手は幅広く、淡灰緑色を呈する。被鞘および走根は深紅色であるが、個虫が伸びているときは触手の下の赤い骨格はみえず、ハナヅタ類やウミアザミ類の群体に似る。群体は20~30センチメートルの球状となる。個虫の胃腔(いこう)は管中を下に伸び、平板状の走根によって周りの個虫の胃腔と連絡する。

 八放サンゴ類としては特異な塊状の骨格をもち、造礁サンゴの一員とみなされる。骨格の構造がパイプ・オルガンの気管に似るため、英名はオルガンのパイプのサンゴの意味である。また、これにちなんでフウキンサンゴ(風琴珊瑚)という別名もある。

[内田紘臣]

[参照項目] | 八放サンゴ類
クダサンゴ(生態)
赤みを帯びる管状の骨格©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ">

クダサンゴ(生態)

クダサンゴ〈ポリプを開いた個体〉(生態)
管状の被鞘中に収まっていたポリプを広げる©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ">

クダサンゴ〈ポリプを開いた個体〉(生態…


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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