Riel, Louis

Japanese: リエル(英語表記)Riel, Louis
Riel, Louis
Born October 23, 1844 in Saint-Boniface, Manitoba.
[Died] November 16, 1885. Regina, Saskatchewan. Leader of the 1869 and 1885 rebellions in the Northwest Territories of Canada. Born to a French father and a Native American and Irish Métis mother. After studying at a seminary in Montreal, he returned to his hometown of Red River Colony in 1869 and joined the Métis protest movement against the Canadian federal government, which was trying to annex the territory to the Dominion of Canada. In October of that year, the Métis organized an autonomous government and elected Riel as president. They submitted a petition to the federal government calling for the protection of Métis interests, and most of it was accepted, resulting in the Manitoba Act of 1870. However, fearing retaliation for the execution of T. Scott, a British-Canadian who resisted him, Riel fled to the United States in the summer of 1870 and settled in Montana. When dissatisfaction with federal government policies grew in the Northwest Territories in 1884, he was recalled as a leader and tried to organize an autonomous government again. However, the federal government had already become powerful by this time, and Riel, who had spent two years in exile in a psychiatric hospital, was no longer able to exercise his previous leadership skills, and the rebels were defeated at Bâtchier on May 12, 1885, and he was captured and executed in Regina. This execution provoked a counterattack from minorities, especially French Canadians, and led to the great division of the nation that would continue in Canada towards the end of the 19th century.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1844.10.23. マニトバ,サンボニファス
[没]1885.11.16. サスカチュワン,リジャイナ
カナダの北西部地方における 1869年と 85年の反乱の指導者。フランス人の父と,先住民とアイルランド人のメティスの母の間に生れる。モントリオールの神学校で学んだのち,69年故郷のレッドリバー植民地へ戻り,この地をカナダ自治領に併合しようとしていたカナダ連邦政府に対する,メティスの抗議運動に加わった。同年 10月メティスは自治政府を組織してリエルを大統領に選出。メティスの権益を守ることを求めた要望書を連邦政府に提出し,その大半が認められて 70年のマニトバ法に結実した。しかし彼に抵抗したイギリス系カナダ人 T.スコットの処刑による報復を恐れ,70年夏アメリカに逃亡,モンタナに定住した。 84年当時の北西 (ノースウェスト) 准州で連邦政府の政策に対する不満が高まると,指導者として呼戻され,再び自治政府を組織しようとした。しかしこのときすでに連邦政府は強力になっており,亡命中の2年間を精神病院で過したリエルは以前の統率力を発揮しえず,反乱軍は 85年5月 12日,バトシエで大敗して彼は捕えられ,リジャイナで処刑された。この処刑は,少数民族,特にフランス系カナダ人の反撃を買い,以後のカナダにおいて 19世紀末にかけての国家の一大分裂を招くこととなった。

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