...In the former, as the temperature is increased, the state changes from solid (crystal) to liquid crystal to normal liquid to gas, while in the latter, as the amount of solvent is increased, the state changes from solid to liquid crystal to normal liquid. Thermotropic liquid crystals were discovered in 1888 when Austrian botanist Friedrich Reinitzer, while studying the properties of cholesterol esters, discovered that cholesteryl benzoate melted completely at 145.5°C when the temperature was increased, but the appearance was opaque, unlike normal liquids, and it only became a normal transparent liquid when the temperature was further increased to 178.5°C. Lyotropic liquid crystals were also obtained in 1854 by the German R. Virchow, who brought water into contact with myelin, a living nervous tissue. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Reinitzer, F." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…前者では,温度を上げていくと固体(結晶)→液晶→通常液体→気体へと変化し,後者では溶媒の量を増していくと,固体→液晶→通常液体という変化を示す。サーモトロピック液晶の発見は,1888年にオーストリアの植物学者ライニッツァーFriedrich Reinitzerがコレステロールのエステルの性質を研究している際,コレステリル安息香酸が,温度を上げていくと145.5℃で完全にとけるが,その外観は通常の液体とは異なり不透明で,さらに178.5℃まで温度を上げると初めて通常の透明な液体となることを見いだしたのが最初である。また,リオトロピック液晶は,1854年ドイツのR.フィルヒョーが生体の神経組織であるミエリンと水を接触させることによって得ている。… ※「Reinitzer,F.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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