Tenrikyo Rebellion

In 1813, during the Qing Dynasty in China, a religious rebellion broke out in the Zhili and Jiangnan provinces of northern China. Tenrikyo is also known as Eika-kai or Hakkekyo, and is considered to be of the White Lotus sect. The main leaders were Lin Qing of Daxing County, Zhili Province, and Li Wencheng of Hua County, Henan Province. Lin Qing's subordinates included a wide variety of elements, including eunuchs, royal court baoyi, and hired laborers, but most of Li Wencheng's subordinates were poor farmers. The rebellion was scheduled to begin at noon on September 15th. However, in Henan, Li Wencheng and others were captured by the Hua County magistrate on September 5th, which led to an uprising on the 7th and a surprise attack on Hua County Castle. Li Wencheng was rescued and established a division in Hua County, but was defeated by attacks from the Qing side, and Li Wencheng was killed. The rebellion was put down in three months. Meanwhile, Lin Qing entered the Forbidden City with the assistance of the eunuch as planned on September 15, but failed. Without the promised reinforcements from Li Wencheng, the rebellion was quickly put down, and Lin Qing and others were executed. The rebellion was put down in a short time, but the shock of rebels rising up in the capital and entering the forbidden city was great, and it shook the Qing court.

[Takao Ishibashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)朝の1813年、華北の直隷、江南両省を中心に起こった宗教結社の反乱。天理教は栄華会、八卦(はっけ)教などともいい、白蓮(びゃくれん)教系とみなされている。中心的指導者は直隷省大興県の林清と河南省滑(かつ)県の李(り)文成で、林清の配下には太監（宦官(かんがん)）、王府包衣、雇工など多種の分子を含んでいたが、李文成配下の多くは貧農であった。乱は9月15日午(うま)の刻を期に起こす予定であった。しかし、河南では、李文成らが9月5日に滑県知県に捕らえられるという事件によって7日に蜂起(ほうき)し、滑県城を急襲した。救出された李文成は滑県城で師府を開いたが、清側の攻撃に敗れ、李文成は敗死し、3か月で鎮圧された。一方の林清は予定どおり9月15日に太監の手引きで紫禁城に侵入したが、失敗し、約束の李文成からの援兵もなく、たちまち鎮圧され、林清らは極刑に処せられた。乱は短期間で平定されたが、乱徒が首都で蜂起し、禁中に入った衝撃は大きく、清廷を震駭(しんがい)させた。

［石橋崇雄］

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