Essentia - Essentia

Japanese: エッセンティア - えっせんてぃあ
Essentia - Essentia

...It can be said that the opposing concepts of "universal-particular" or "general-particular," which were particularly the subject of debate in the medieval universals debate, were also formed in a manner deeply intertwined with the above-mentioned process.
[Essentia and Existence]
In this metaphysical way of thinking, individual things are perceived as a combination of form and matter, and the concepts of "existence" and "being," which are supposed to be simple, are split into two distinct concepts. In other words, "to be" split into two meanings: "to ti estin" in the sense of "what something is" determined by form, and "to hoti estin" in the sense of "whether something actually exists" determined by matter. To ti estin was translated into Latin as quidditas or essentia (essential existence, "is"), and to hoti estin was translated as existentia (actual existence, "there is"). (From our perspective, the translation "essential existence" may sound unnatural, but since essentia comes from the verb esse, which means "to be/exist," it must be translated as "essential existence.")

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Essentia" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…中世の普遍論争において特に論議の対象となった〈普遍‐個物〉ないし〈一般‐特殊〉という対概念も以上のような経緯と深くからみ合いながら形成されたものと考えてよい。
【本質存在(エッセンティア)と事実存在(エクシステンティア)】
 このように形而上学的思考様式のもとで個々の事物が形相と質料の結合体としてとらえられることによって,もともと単純であるはずの〈存在〉概念,〈ある〉という概念が二義的に分裂することになる。つまり,〈ある〉ということが,形相によって規定される〈何であるか〉という意味での〈である(ト・ティ・エスティンto ti estin)〉と,質料によって規定される〈現実にあるかどうか〉という意味での〈がある(ト・ホティ・エスティンto hoti estin)〉との二義に分裂し,このト・ティ・エスティンがラテン語ではクイディタスquidditasあるいはエッセンティアessentia(本質存在,〈……である〉)と訳され,ト・ホティ・エスティンがエクシステンティアexistentia(事実存在,〈……がある〉)と訳された(われわれの語感からすると〈本質存在〉という訳語は不自然に聞こえようが,エッセンティアが〈ある・存在する〉という意味の動詞esseに由来する以上,やはり〈本質存在〉と訳さねばならないのである)。…

※「エッセンティア」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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