Lauan - Lauan (English spelling)

Japanese: ラワン - らわん(英語表記)lauan
Lauan - Lauan (English spelling)

A general term for relatively light and soft wood species belonging to the three genera Shorea , Parashorea , and Pentacme of the Dipterocarpaceae family (APG classification: Dipterocarpaceae), which are abundant in the virgin forests of tropical Asia. In the Philippines, the corresponding Meranti species are called Lauan. It has a wide range of uses, including as plywood, building material, and equipment material, and Japan imports large quantities of it.

There are many species, and they usually grow to a height of 50 to 60 meters and a diameter of 0.8 to 1 meter or more, and become large, straight, cylindrical trees with a large crown. They are shade trees, and young trees are weak to strong sunlight. The flowers have five sepals and a corolla, and the fruit has wings with developed sepals, with three long ones in the Shorea and Parashorea genera and two short ones. Both the bark and wood have resin canals, and the resin is generally yellowish and fragrant. The wood is diffusely porous with a specific gravity of up to about 0.6, and the color ranges from red to white. No annual rings can be seen, but in cross section, vertical resin canals are often arranged in the shape of annual rings. The wood generally has low preservation properties, and is good for indoor use, but not suitable for use on the ground or outdoors.

They are classified as follows based on their color and quality: (1) Red lauan: The wood is pale pink or reddish brown and is somewhat heavy and hard among lauans. Red lauan and Tangyil fall into this category. (2) White lauan: The wood is grayish white, pale gray-brown or pale reddish brown and is light and soft. White lauan and Almon fall into this category. (3) Yellow lauan: The wood is pale yellow or pale yellowish brown and is medium to slightly heavy and hard. Yellow lauan falls into this category.

[Yoshio Kobayashi November 13, 2020]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

熱帯アジアの原生林に多いフタバガキ科(APG分類:フタバガキ科)植物のうち、主としてショレア属Shorea、パラショレア属Parashorea、ペンタクメ属Pentacmeの3属に入る、比較的材質が軽軟な樹種の総称。フィリピンではこれに相当するメランティ類のことをラワンと称する。ベニヤ、建築材、器具材など用途が広く、日本は多量に輸入している。

 種類が多く、普通は高さ50~60メートル、直径0.8~1メートル以上になり、通直な円筒状の大径木になって大きな樹冠を広げる。陰樹で、稚樹は強い陽光に弱い。花は5枚の萼片(がくへん)と花冠があり、果実には萼片の発達した翼があり、ショレア属やパラショレア属では3枚が長く、2枚は短い。樹皮、木材ともに樹脂道をもち、一般に樹脂は黄色系で芳香がある。材は比重0.6程度までの散孔材で、材色は紅色から白色まである。年輪は認められないが、横断面では垂直樹脂道が年輪状に並ぶことが多い。材の保存性は一般に低く、屋内の利用にはよいが、接地または屋外での使用には不向きである。

 材色、材質から次のように区分している。(1)赤ラワン類 材は淡紅または紅褐色で、ラワンのなかではやや重硬である。レッドラワン、タンギルなどはこれに入る。(2)白ラワン類 材は灰白、淡灰褐、淡紅褐色で、軽軟である。ホワイトラワン、アルモンなどはこれに入る。(3)黄ラワン類 材は淡黄、淡黄褐色で、中庸またはやや重硬である。イエローラワンなどはこれに入る。

[小林義雄 2020年11月13日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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