Yashabushi - Yashabushi

Japanese: ヤシャブシ - やしゃぶし
Yashabushi - Yashabushi

A deciduous tree of the Betulaceae family (APG classification: Betulaceae). It grows to a height of 7 meters. The branches are gray-brown, well-branched, and hairy. The leaves are alternate, narrowly ovate, 4-10 cm long, pointed at the tip, have 13-17 pairs of lateral veins, and have double serrations on the edges. Monoecious. Flowers in March. One or two fruits are borne at the ends of short branches, and are 2 cm long and pine cone-shaped with a rough surface. The nuts are oval-shaped with narrow wings on both sides. It is distributed on the Pacific side of Honshu west of Fukushima Prefecture, Shikoku, and Kyushu. The name "yasha" comes from the rough surface of the fruit, and "yasha gallnut" comes from the fact that the fruit contains tannins, just like the galls of the sumac tree (gallnut gallnut). Dye is extracted from the fruit. It is planted for erosion control purposes because its roots have nodules and it grows well even in barren land.

[Kihachiro Kikuzawa February 17, 2020]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

カバノキ科(APG分類:カバノキ科)の落葉小高木。高さ7メートルに達する。枝は灰褐色でよく分枝し、毛がある。葉は互生し、狭卵形で長さ4~10センチメートル、先はとがり、側脈は13~17対、縁(へり)に重鋸歯(じゅうきょし)がある。雌雄同株。3月ころ開花する。果穂は短枝の先に1~2個つき、表面の粗い松かさ状で長さ2センチメートル。堅果は楕円(だえん)形、両側に狭い翼がある。福島県以西の本州の太平洋側、四国、九州に分布する。果穂の表面が粗いので「夜叉(やしゃ)」、果穂がヌルデの虫こぶ(五倍子(ふし))と同様にタンニンを含むことから夜叉五倍子の名がついた。果穂から染料をとる。根に根粒がついて荒れ地でもよく生育するため、砂防用に植栽される。

[菊沢喜八郎 2020年2月17日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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