Rabbi Isidor Isaac

Japanese: ラビ（英語表記）Rabi， Isidor Isaac

Born: July 29, 1898. Limanov
[Died] January 11, 1988. New York. American physicist. He moved to the United States from Austria at a young age and studied chemistry at Cornell University, but resumed his physics studies at Columbia University, earning his degree in 1927. He traveled to Europe in the same year and studied at the universities of Copenhagen, Hamburg, Leipzig, and Zurich, before becoming a lecturer at Columbia University (1929) and a professor there (1937). He also became a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1940). He was attracted by the research of O. Stern during his visit to Europe, and after returning to Japan he improved on his method, and in 1937 succeeded in measuring the magnetic moment of atomic nuclei using nuclear magnetic resonance with atomic and molecular beams. His research bore fruit in applications such as atomic clocks, lasers, and masers, and also brought about great advances in the study of atomic and molecular structure. During World War II, he was involved in the development and research of radar. Later, as chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, he was active in several International Conferences on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. He also served as the United States representative to UNESCO and was instrumental in the creation of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944.

Ravi
rabbi

Also called rabbi. Originally derived from the Hebrew word rab (great), in the Bible it means "master" or "teacher" as opposed to "servant." Until the time of the Talmudic period, rabbis were laymen who explained the Bible and oral law. In the Middle Ages, rabbis came to be considered teachers and preachers. In modern times, the term generally refers to teachers educated in Jewish seminaries who make decisions on liturgical matters, preside over ceremonies, and deliver sermons.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1898.7.29. リマノフ
[没]1988.1.11. ニューヨーク
アメリカの物理学者。オーストリアから幼時にアメリカに移り，コーネル大学で化学を学んだが，コロンビア大学で物理学をやり直し，1927年学位取得。同年渡欧してコペンハーゲン，ハンブルク，ライプチヒ，チューリヒの各大学に遊学後，コロンビア大学講師 (1929) ，同教授 (1937) 。マサチューセッツ工科大学教授 (1940) 。訪欧中に O.シュテルンの研究にひかれ，帰国してからその方法に改良を加え，1937年，原子線，分子線による核磁気共鳴から原子核の磁気モーメントの測定に成功。彼の研究は原子時計，レーザー，メーザーなどの応用に実を結んだ一方，原子，分子の構造研究にも飛躍的な進歩をもたらした。第2次世界大戦中はレーダの開発・研究に従事。その後，原子力委員会議長として，数度にわたる原子力平和利用国際会議でも活躍。またユネスコアメリカ代表としてジュネーブにあるヨーロッパ原子核研究機関 (セルン CERN) の創設に尽力した。 1944年ノーベル物理学賞受賞。

ラビ
rabbi

ラバイともいう。元来はヘブライ語のラブ (偉大な) という言葉から出ているが，聖書では「僕」に対する「主」ないし「師」の意味で用いられる。タルムードの時代までは，聖書と口伝律法の解説者で平信徒であった。中世になってラビは，教師，説教者という性格をもつようになる。現代では一般に，ユダヤ教神学校で教育を受けた教師で，典礼上の事柄を判定し，祭式を司り，説教を行う者をさす。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Rāvī River (English spelling)

>>: Laband, Paul