Ichikawabeian

A calligrapher from the late Edo period. A native of Edo. Son of the Confucian scholar Ichikawa Kansai. His given name was Sanhai, and his pen name was Koyo or Koharu. His pen name was Beian. He also had other pen names such as Rakusai and Kinto Sanjin. Raised by his father from an early age, he learned Zhu Xi philosophy and calligraphy from Hayashi Jussai and Shibano Ritsuzan, and was particularly devoted to the calligraphy of Bei Fu from the Song Dynasty in China. At the age of 25, he traveled to Nagasaki, where he learned calligraphy directly from the Qing Dynasty scholar Hu Choshin, and gradually founded the Beian style, which is characterized by its powerful brushwork. After his father's death, he was invited to the Kaga Domain, and his reputation as a calligrapher grew. In his later years, he is said to have had as many as 5,000 disciples, including feudal lords, townspeople, and monks. In later generations, he was praised as one of the "Three Calligraphers of the End of the Tokugawa Shogunate," along with Maki Ryoko and Nukina Kaiya. He left behind many useful writings, even today, including "Ryaku Kaho," which shows calligraphy styles according to shape, such as plaques, long scrolls, and wide scrolls, and "Bokujo Hikkei," which selects words suitable for calligraphy from Chinese classics and poems.

[Shoichi Kuboki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸末期の書家。江戸の人。儒者市河寛斎(かんさい)の子。名を三亥(さんがい)、字(あざな)を孔陽(こうよう)また小春といい、米庵はその号。楽斎、金洞山人などの別号もある。幼時より父の薫育を受け、林述斎(はやしじゅっさい)や柴野栗山(しばのりつざん)から朱子学と書を学び、とくに書は、中国宋(そう)代の米芾(べいふつ)に傾倒した。25歳のときに長崎へ旅行し、清(しん)人胡兆新(こちょうしん)から直接に書法を受け、しだいに筆力旺盛(おうせい)な米庵流を創始してゆく。父没後、加賀藩に招かれてから、その書名はますます高くなり、晩年には大名、町人、僧侶(そうりょ)など5000人もの門下を擁したという。後世、巻菱湖(まきりょうこ)、貫名海屋(ぬきなかいおく)とともに、「幕末の三筆」とうたわれた。扁額(へんがく)、長幅、横幅などの形状別に書式を示した『略可法』をはじめ、漢籍のなかから揮毫(きごう)に適した語句、詩編を抜粋した『墨場必携(ぼくじょうひっけい)』など、今日においても有益な著書を残している。

［久保木彰一］

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