Lucknow - Rakunau (English spelling) Lucknow

It is the capital of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. It is located on the right bank of the Gumti River, a tributary of the Ganges. It has a population of 2,207,340 (2001). It is the administrative center of the state, and is one of the leading educational and cultural centers in India, with Lucknow University, consisting of the Medical University, Canning College, and Isabella Sobhan Women's College, and the Lucknow Museum, founded in 1863. Industry is also thriving, and in addition to traditional gold and silver craftsmanship, modern industries such as textiles, printing, sugar refining, and machinery manufacturing have developed. It has been an important city in the north since the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, and in 1775 it became the capital of the Oudh princely state under the Mughal Empire and prospered. However, in 1856 it was annexed by the East India Company and became the capital of the United Provinces. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, it was one of the centers of the rebellion and a base for attack and defense. It is known as the "City of Gardens" due to its many parks and gardens, but the original form of the city is said to have been created during the time of Asaf-ud-Daulah of the Oudh princedom. There are also many ruins from that time, among which the Imam Bara Mosque is magnificent.

[Harumi Nakayama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

インド北部、ウッタル・プラデシュ州の州都。ガンジス川の支流グムティ川右岸に位置する。人口220万7340（2001）。州の行政の中心地であるとともに、医科大学、カニング大学、イサベラ・ソーバン女子大学からなるラクナウ大学や、1863年創立のラクナウ博物館が所在するインド有数の教育、文化の中心地である。工業も盛んで、伝統的な金銀細工などに加え、繊維、印刷、製糖、機械工業などの近代工業が発展している。16世紀のムガル帝国時代より北部の重要都市で、1775年同帝国下のアウド藩王国の都となり繁栄した。しかし1856年東インド会社領に併合され、連合州の州都となった。1857年のインドの大反乱では、反乱の一中心地で攻防の拠点となった。公園や庭園が多く「庭園の都」とよばれるが、市街地の原型はアウド藩王国のアサフド・ダウラの時代にできたといわれる。当時の遺跡も多数あり、なかでもイマーム・バラ大寺院がみごとである。

［中山晴美］

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