Leiturgie (English spelling) [Germany]

Japanese: ライトゥルギー(英語表記)Leiturgie[ドイツ]
Leiturgie (English spelling) [Germany]
A word derived from the classical Greek leitourgia, meaning public service (ergon). The temporary and regular service duties imposed on citizens by the ancient Greek city-states, such as maintaining and repairing military ships, festivals, athletics, and missions. In principle, the designated person (in effect, a propertied citizen) would travel in person and perform the duties at his or her own expense. The Latin equivalent is munera, and in provincial cities under the Roman Empire, canons (or councillors) were treated as honorary posts (in Greek archai) and were distinguished from munera, but as the aversion to canonization grew, this distinction lost its practical meaning.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
公的なleitos奉仕ergonを意味する古典ギリシア語leitourgiaに由来する語。古代ギリシア都市国家が市民に課した,軍船維持・修理,祭典,体育,使節などのさまざまな内容の,臨時および定期の奉仕義務。指名された該当者(事実上,有資産市民)は原則として,みずから赴き,みずからの経費負担で義務を遂行した。ラテン語での対応語がムネラmuneraであり,ローマ帝国治下の属州都市では,参事会員curialesは名誉職honores(ギリシア語ではarchai)として別扱いされ,ムネラとは区別されたが,参事会員の就任忌避が強まるなかで,この区別は実質的意味を失った。

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