Self-examination - Jikendan

Japanese: 自検断 - じけんだん

A private group that is not a public authority exercises criminal jurisdiction and police power over its own members. In medieval Japan, state power did not penetrate to the grassroots of society, and many groups that made up society, such as blood ties, local ties, and occupational groups, maintained order within their own groups through their own efforts, based on a strong idea of self-help. This was also done by clan groups such as samurai clans, but when the term "jikendan" is used, it usually refers to the kendan of autonomous groups such as kokujin ikki and soson, which were established in the late Middle Ages.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

公権力でない私的集団が，その内部のメンバーに刑事裁判権，警察権を行使すること。日本における中世国家権力は，社会の基層部にまでその権力が浸透せず，社会を構成する血縁･地縁･職能集団など数多くの集団は，強烈な自力救済観念のもと，みずからの力で集団内部の秩序を維持していた。武士団などの族的集団においてもこうしたことが行われたが，通常自検断という場合は，中世後期に成立した自律的集団たる国人一揆，惣村などの検断をさす。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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