A university city in the western part of the Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. "Leiden" is the English or German pronunciation, but in Dutch "Leiden" is closer to the original pronunciation. Population 117,022 (2001). It is located on the Oude Rijn, a branch of the Rhine. The sand dunes on the outskirts are known for bulb cultivation, and the city is home to light industries such as textiles, food, publishing and printing. It originated in Roman times, and in the Middle Ages a fortress was built by the Count of Holland, and it obtained city rights in 1266. However, the city's real development began after the 14th century, when the wool industry was established. In the 16th and 17th centuries, when a large number of weavers flowed in from Flanders, it grew into the largest wool industry city in Western Europe, with a population of about 100,000, second only to Amsterdam. During the Dutch War of Independence, the city was besieged by Spanish troops in 1573-74, but the Spanish troops were repelled by cutting the dikes and causing floods. Due to this achievement, William of Orange founded Leiden University, the first university in the Netherlands, here in the following year (1875). Shortly after, it produced scholars such as Grotius, making it one of the academic centers of Europe and achieving great things in the fields of Calvinist theology, medicine, and Oriental studies. The city, which has a well-developed waterway network, is home to castle ruins, the late Gothic Hoffranzeikerk, the 16th century town hall, the Ethnological Museum which houses the Siebold Collection, and many other museums, the university's botanical gardens, and the Center for Japanese and Korean Studies. It is the birthplace of famous painters such as Rembrandt and Jan Steen. The Pilgrim Fathers lived here for 10 years before emigrating to North America. [Takaharu Hasegawa] [References] |Founded in 1575, it is the oldest national university in the Netherlands. It has numerous research institutes and museums, including an astronomical observatory, botanical gardens, and a natural history museum. Leiden, Netherlands ©Shogakukan "> Leiden University Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オランダ西部、ゾイト・ホラント州にある大学都市。「ライデン」は英語あるいはドイツ語式の読み方で、オランダ語では「レイデン」のほうが原音に近い。人口11万7022(2001)。ライン川の分流オウデ・ライン川沿いに位置する。郊外の砂丘地は球根栽培で知られ、市内には繊維、食品、出版・印刷などの軽工業がみられる。ローマ時代に起源を有し、中世にはホラント伯の城砦(じょうさい)が建設され、1266年に都市権を得た。しかし町の本格的な発展は毛織物工業の成立した14世紀以降で、とくにフランドルから織物職人が大量に流入した16~17世紀には西ヨーロッパ最大の毛織物工業都市に成長し、人口はアムステルダムに次いで約10万人に達した。オランダ独立戦争中の1573~74年にスペイン軍に包囲されたが、堤防を切断し洪水を引き起こして撃退した。この功績によって、翌75年オラニエ公ウィレムがオランダ最初の大学であるライデン大学をこの地に創設した。しかもその直後にグロティウスらの学者を輩出したため、ヨーロッパの学術的中心地の一つになり、カルバン派神学、医学、東洋学などの分野で業績をあげた。水路網の発達した市内には城跡や後期ゴシック様式のホーフランセ教会、16世紀の市庁舎などがあり、シーボルト・コレクションを蔵する民族学博物館をはじめ多くの博物館、大学施設の植物園、日本学・韓国学センターなども立地する。レンブラント、ヤン・ステーンら著名な画家の生地。北アメリカへ移住する直前の10年間、ピルグリム・ファーザーズはここに住んでいた。 [長谷川孝治] [参照項目] |1575年に創設されたオランダ最古の国立大学。天文台、植物園、自然史博物館など、多数の研究所や博物館を有する。オランダ ライデン©Shogakukan"> ライデン大学 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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