Sale - Michel Serres

Japanese: セール - せーる(英語表記)Michel Serres
Sale - Michel Serres

French science historian and philosopher. He studied at the École Normale Supérieure (French Naval School) and served in the navy for three years before taking up a teaching position at the University of Clermont-Ferrand. He received his doctorate in philosophy for his work on Leibniz.

While he reconstructs mathematics from ancient to modern times, such as Lucretius and Leibniz, from the perspective of the history of science and modern philosophy, he has also written several books examining epistemological issues in the 19th century through literary figures such as Emile Zola and Jules Verne. His fields of activity are wide-ranging, as he has also pondered issues of the relationship between the environment and humans from the concept of the "natural contract," and written about angels and philosophers from the perspectives of anthropology and mythology.

In his early five-volume series Hermès (1969-1980), he reread Leibniz with the themes of "communication," "invention," and "encyclopedia" as the keys, and developed an "epistemology of multiple sciences." In addition, while Husserl's exploration of the origins of geometry focused on the emergence and transmission of geometry in Greece, Serres viewed it as an event in the "history of times" that could occur at any time. Furthermore, in contrast to the linear thinking of geometry, he considered plurality from a network model of "diagrams." From this point, themes such as Hermes/communication, the patron god of commerce, thieves, and travelers and the messenger of Zeus, namely translation, transportation, and trade, became keywords, and his thoughts expanded from the narrow sense of mathematics and the history of science to the vast realm of human and cultural matters. This motif was continued in Les origines de la géométrie (1993), which was written over a period of about 35 years. In this book, he examines the meaning of "Logos" in Greek philosophy, and adds the meaning of "transport" to the traditional interpretation of "Logos" as a proportion or ratio, stating that for the Greeks, rather than the ratio of a to b itself, it was all about the "analogy" that a to b is equal to c to d, and that this transport/translation analogy is the essence of Logos. In the conclusion of the book, he writes that the flow of new discourse will continue to spread endlessly, and he makes lively comments, seeing the potential of Hermes/communication, which is positive in the development of the Internet.

[Hiroyuki Hara May 19, 2015]

"Communication Hermes I" translated by Toyoda Akira and Aoki Kenji (1985, Hosei University Press)""Interference Hermes II" translated by Toyoda Akira (1987, Hosei University Press)""Translation Hermes III" translated by Toyoda Akira and Wada Yutaka (1990, Hosei University Press)""Distribution Hermes IV" translated by Toyoda Akira (1990, Hosei University Press)" ▽ "Northwest Passage Hermes V" translated by Aoki Kenji (1991, Hosei University Press)""The Origin of Geometry - The Cornerstone Book" translated by Toyoda Akira (2003, Hosei University Press)"

[References] | History of Science | Zola | Husserl | Berne | Hermes | Leibniz | Lucretius

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの科学史家、哲学者。フランス海軍学校、エコール・ノルマル・シュペリュール(高等師範学校)に学ぶ。3年間の海軍勤務を経て、クレルモン・フェラン大学で教職に就く。ライプニッツ研究により哲学博士号を取得。

 ルクレティウス、ライプニッツなど、古代から近代までの数学を科学史・現代哲学の観点から再構築する一方で、エミール・ゾラやジュール・ベルヌなどの文学者を通して19世紀における認識論的問題を考察した書物も複数著す。また「自然契約」の概念から環境と人間の問題を思索し、人類学・神話学の角度からの天使論、哲学者論などを執筆するなど、活動分野は広範である。

 初期の『ヘルメス』Hermès全5巻(1969~1980)のシリーズでは、「コミュニケーション」「発明」「百科事典」を鍵(かぎ)にライプニッツを読み直しながら、「複数の科学史(エピステモロジー)」を展開する。またフッサールの幾何学の起源の探究においては、ギリシアにおける幾何学の発生とその伝承が問題であったが、セールはそれがどの時点/地点で生じてもよいような「諸時間の歴史」のできごととしてとらえる。さらに幾何学の線的思考に対して「図表」のネットワーク・モデルから複数性を考える。ここから商業、盗人、旅人の守護神でありゼウスの伝令でもあったヘルメス/コミュニケーション、すなわち翻訳、輸送、取引といったテーマがキーワードになり、狭義の数学や科学史から広大な人間的・文化的領域へと考察は広がる。このモチーフは約35年間にわたって書かれた『幾何学の起源』Les origines de la géométrie(1993)にも受け継がれた。同書ではギリシア哲学における「ロゴス」の意味を検証し、「ロゴス」を語るのに比例・比率という従来の解釈に「輸送」の意味を加え、ギリシア人にとってはa対bという比そのものよりも、a対bがc対dとイコールになるという「アナロジー」がすべてであって、この輸送・翻訳的アナロジーこそがロゴスの本質であるとする。同書の結びでも、新たな言説の流れが尽きることなく広がるだろうと記し、インターネットの発展に積極的なヘルメス/コミュニケーションの可能性をみて、活発な発言をしている。

[原 宏之 2015年5月19日]

『豊田彰・青木研二訳『コミュニケーション ヘルメスⅠ』(1985・法政大学出版局)』『豊田彰訳『干渉 ヘルメスⅡ』(1987・法政大学出版局)』『豊田彰・輪田裕訳『翻訳 ヘルメスⅢ』(1990・法政大学出版局)』『豊田彰訳『分布 ヘルメスⅣ』(1990・法政大学出版局)』『青木研二訳『北西航路 ヘルメスⅤ』(1991・法政大学出版局)』『豊田彰訳『幾何学の起源――定礎の書』(2003・法政大学出版局)』

[参照項目] | 科学史 | ゾラ | フッサール | ベルヌ | ヘルメス | ライプニッツ | ルクレティウス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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