Uwabamisou - Uwabamisou

Japanese: ウワバミソウ - うわばみそう
Uwabamisou - Uwabamisou

A perennial plant of the Urticaceae family (APG classification: Urticaceae). The rhizomes branch vigorously and reproduce, resulting in a colony of stems. The stems are 20-50 cm tall, but in cultivated plants they can sometimes reach even higher. They are succulent, purple-brown, and hairless. The leaves grow alternately in two rows at the top of the stem, have no stalks, are distorted oblong or oblong ovate, and are 3-15 cm long. They have sharp tips and a slightly ear-like base on one side. The edges have numerous serrations, and the upper surface is sparsely hairy and shiny. The inflorescences grow from the leaf axils and are divided into male and female, but the male inflorescences grow first, and then the female inflorescences in the leaf axils near the base open, so male and female inflorescences are not seen at the same time on the same stem. The male inflorescence has a long stalk and is densely cymose, while the female inflorescence is sessile and head-shaped. From summer to autumn, the part of the stem just above the nodes turns purple-brown and swells, forming bulbil-like organs that eventually break off from the nodes and fall to the ground, where they germinate and become new seedlings. It grows in damp areas in mountain valleys throughout Japan, but is rare in western Japan. Outside of Japan, it is distributed in central China, where its Chinese name is 'lou ti cao'. It is known as 'mizu' or 'mizuna' and its young stems are edible, and it is sometimes cultivated for that purpose. In some areas, the bulbil-like organs that appear at the nodes of the stem in autumn are made into edible dishes such as 'tsukudani'. In China, it is used for medicinal purposes.

E. japonicum Wedd. ( E. umbellatum Blume) has the same basic characteristics as E. japonicum Wedd., and is sometimes treated as a variety of the same species, but it can be distinguished by its small overall size, fewer toothed leaves, fewer flowers per inflorescence, and different fruit color. It grows mainly in the Pacific coastal areas from the Kanto region to Kyushu, replacing E. japonicum, and is distributed overseas in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The genus Polytrichum is the largest genus in the Urticaceae family, containing over 300 species, with many species particularly found in tropical Asia. Ten species grow wild in Japan, but some are endangered due to their limited habitat (such as Amami salamander, endemic to Amami Oshima, and Yonaguni tokihokori, endemic to Yonaguni Island), and some species are thought to be extinct in Japan (such as narrow-leaved yarrow).

[Hiroshi Yonekura December 13, 2019]

[References] | Urtaceae | Inflorescence | Serrated | Leaves | Mizu | Mizuna | Phyllosis
Uwabamisou
©Shogakukan ">

Uwabamisou

Uwabamisou (specimen drawing)
©Kanzo Otawa ">

Uwabamisou (specimen drawing)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イラクサ科(APG分類:イラクサ科)の多年草。根茎が盛んに分枝して繁殖するために茎は群生する。茎は高さ20~50センチメートルだが、栽培されるものではときにそれ以上に達する。多汁質で紫褐色を帯び、無毛。葉は茎の上部に2列に互生し、柄(え)はなく、ゆがんだ長楕円(ちょうだえん)形または長卵形で、長さ3~15センチメートル。先は鋭くとがり、基部は片側だけがやや耳状となる。縁(へり)には多数の鋸歯(きょし)があり、上面にはまばらに毛があって光沢がある。花序は葉腋(ようえき)から出て雌雄の別があるが、雄花序が先に出て、それが終わったあとでより基部側の葉腋にある雌花序が開くため、同じ茎では雌雄の花序は同時には見られない。雄花序には長い柄があって密な集散状、雌花序は無柄で頭状。夏から秋にかけて、茎の節(ふし)のすぐ上の部分が紫褐色になって肥大し、むかご状の器官となって、ついには節からばらばらになって地面に落ち、これらが発芽して新苗となる特徴をもつ。日本全土の山地の谷筋の湿った場所に生育するが西日本では少ない。国外では中国中部に分布し、中国名は樓梯草という。ミズまたはミズナの名で若い茎を食用とし、そのために栽培されることもある。一部の地域では秋に生じる茎の節部のむかご状の器官を佃煮(つくだに)などにして食用にすることもある。中国では薬用に使われる。

 ヒメウワバミソウ(姫蟒蛇草)E. japonicum Wedd.(E. umbellatum Blume)はウワバミソウと基本的特徴が一致し、同一種内の変種関係に扱われることもあるが、全体に小形で葉の鋸歯が少なく、花序当りの花数も少なく果実の色が異なるので区別される。関東地方から九州のおもに太平洋側の地域にウワバミソウと入れ替わるように生育し、国外では朝鮮半島南部に分布する。ウワバミソウ属は300種以上を含むイラクサ科最大の属でとくに熱帯アジアに多くの種が分化しており、日本にも10種が自生しているが、なかには産地が極限されていて絶滅が危惧(きぐ)されるもの(奄美(あまみ)大島固有のアマミサンショウソウや与那国(よなぐに)島固有のヨナクニトキホコリなど)や、すでに日本からは絶滅したと考えられる種(ホソバノキミズ)もある。

[米倉浩司 2019年12月13日]

[参照項目] | イラクサ科 | 花序 | 鋸歯 | | ミズ | ミズナ | 葉序
ウワバミソウ
©Shogakukan">

ウワバミソウ

ウワバミソウ〔標本画〕
©大多和鐘三">

ウワバミソウ〔標本画〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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