Tomizo Yoshida

Pathologist. Born in Asakawa-machi, Fukushima Prefecture. Graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at Tokyo Imperial University in 1927 (Showa 2). After working as an assistant in the pathology department, he joined the Sasaki Institute in 1929 and was taught by Takaoki Sasaki. He succeeded in an experiment to artificially create liver cancer in rats by oral administration of o-aminoazotoluene, and in 1936, together with Sasaki, was awarded the Imperial Academy Prize. He then studied in Germany, England, and the United States, returning to Japan in 1938 and becoming a professor at Nagasaki Medical College. In 1943, he discovered sarcoma cells that grew in the ascites of white mice that were being raised on o-aminoazotoluene, which he later named "Yoshida sarcoma." As it can be easily and efficiently transplanted, it attracted attention both at home and abroad as an ideal experimental material for cancer research. In 1944, he became a professor at Tohoku Imperial University, and in 1952 (Showa 27), he became a professor at the University of Tokyo. In 1953, he was awarded the Imperial Prize of the Academy again for his pathological research on Yoshida sarcoma, and also served as director of the Sasaki Institute, a foundation. In 1959, he was awarded the Order of Culture, and in 1963, he became director of the Cancer Institute of the Japanese Association for Cancer Research (now the Cancer Institute of the Japanese Association for Cancer Research), and served as chairman of the 9th International Congress of Cancer held in Tokyo in 1966.

[Honda Kazuji]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

病理学者。福島県浅川町に生まれる。1927年（昭和2）東京帝国大学医学部を卒業。病理学教室副手を経て、1929年佐々木研究所に入り、佐々木隆興(たかおき)の指導を受ける。o(オルト)‐アミノアゾトルエンの経口的投与でラットに肝臓癌(がん)を人工的につくる実験に成功、1936年佐々木とともに帝国学士院恩賜賞を授与された。その後、ドイツ、イギリス、アメリカに留学、1938年帰国して長崎医科大学教授に就任。1943年o‐アミノアゾトルエンを与えて飼育中のシロネズミの腹水内で増殖する肉腫(にくしゅ)細胞を発見、のちに「吉田肉腫」と命名された。簡単かつ高率に累代移植ができるため、癌研究の実験材料として好適なものと内外から注目を浴びた。1944年東北帝国大学教授に転じ、1952年（昭和27）東京大学教授。1953年吉田肉腫の病理学的研究により再度学士院恩賜賞を受賞、また財団法人佐々木研究所長を兼務。1959年文化勲章を受章、1963年癌研究会癌研究所（現、がん研究会がん研究所）所長に就任、1966年東京で開催された第9回国際癌会議の会長を務めた。

［本田一二］

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