York

Japanese: ヨーク（英語表記）York
York
A city in the northeast of England, United Kingdom. It is a unitary authority. It belongs to the former county of Yorkshire. In 1974, it became part of North Yorkshire in the municipal reorganization, and in 1996, it became a unitary authority. It is located about 280 km north-northwest of London, at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss, which are part of the Humber River system. In Roman times, it was called Eboracum and was an important military base in northern Britain. Emperor Hadrian visited it, and Constantine I proclaimed himself emperor here. In the Anglo-Saxon period, it became the capital of the Kingdom of Northumbria, and developed into a religious center in northern England with an archbishopric. In the Middle Ages, it prospered as a center for wool trading. It later lost out to London and declined economically, but it remained a political and religious center. It is a distribution center for agricultural and pastoral areas, and has industries such as railway equipment, confectionery, and precision machinery. There are many historical sites and old buildings that reflect the city's history, such as the remains of a Roman fort, medieval city walls, St. Peter's Cathedral (13th-15th century) known as the Minster, the Five Sisters (1260) in its north transept, and many other churches and monasteries, as well as the Merchants' Guild Hall, and the city is also a thriving tourist destination. It has also been a key transportation hub since ancient times, with railways and roads stretching out radially from the city. Area: 272 km2 . Population: 191,800 (2006 estimate).

yoke
York, Henry Benedict Maria Clement, Cardinal Duke of

Born: March 6, 1725 in Rome
Died: July 13, 1807. A cardinal from the royal Stuart family of England near Rome. Grandson of King James II, second son of JFE Stuart, the great pretender, and younger brother of CE Stuart, the minor pretender. He participated in the Jacobite rebellion, which aimed to restore the Stuart throne, but failed. After 1747, he devoted himself to the priesthood of the Church of Rome, becoming a cardinal in 1747, Archbishop of Corinth in 1759, and Bishop of Tusculum in 1761. He is known for founding the first seminary in Italy, and gained a reputation as a member of the Council for the election of the Pope. He did not want to take an active role in politics, but after the death of his brother Stuart in 1788, he claimed to be the legitimate Stuart king and issued a declaration that he would call himself Henry IX, but after his death, the direct line of the Stuart family died out.

yoke
Yorke, Francis Reginald Stevens

Born: December 3, 1906.
[Died] June 10, 1962.
British architect. After graduating from the School of Architecture in Birmingham, he traveled to Europe to study, and wrote Modern House (1934) and Modern Flat (37). He introduced international styles to the conservative British architectural world, and attempted to design many modern houses himself. From 1935 to 1937 he collaborated with M. Breuer, and from 1944 he ran a joint office with E. Rosenberg and C. Mardoll, working on houses, hospitals, schools, and other projects. His most personal works include the Gatwick Airport Terminal in Sussex (58) and the York Office Building in London (61).

yoke
York

A city in southeastern Pennsylvania, United States. It is located about 45 km south-southeast of Harrisburg. It was the first settlement in Pennsylvania west of the Susquehanna River, and was settled in 1741 by Germans from the Rhine and British. When Britain invaded Philadelphia in 1777, the Continental Congress moved to York, where it remained as the capital until the following year. It is a commercial center with a rich agricultural background. Industries such as refrigeration, air conditioning, water turbines, and pianos also developed. It is home to York State University, the Quaker Church, and Farquhar Park. Population: 42,192 (1990).

yoke
York

An old town on the Atlantic coast in southwestern Maine, USA. It is located about 65 km southwest of Portland. It was founded in 1624 and chartered as the city of Georgiana in 1641. It was the first English city in the Americas, but was almost completely destroyed in a battle with Indians in 1692. It is now the administrative center of the region, as well as a tourist and resort area, and many of its historical buildings have been restored. Population: 9,818 (1990).

yoke
yoke

In clothing, the yoke originally referred to the patch on the shoulders or waist of a skirt, but more broadly it simply refers to the upper part of the garment where these parts are switched between the top and bottom. The bottom of the yoke is often made loose by adding pleats, tucks, gathers, etc.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
イギリス，イングランド北東部の都市。単一自治体（ユニタリー unitary authority）。旧ヨークシャー県に属する。1974年の自治体再編でノースヨークシャー県の一部となり，1996年に単一自治体となった。ロンドンの北北西約 280kmにあり，ハンバー川水系のウーズ川とフォス川の合流点に位置する。ローマ時代にはエブラクム Eboracumと呼ばれ，ブリタニア北部の重要な軍事拠点であったところで，皇帝ハドリアヌスも訪れ，コンスタンチヌス1世はここで皇帝即位を宣言した。アングロ・サクソン時代にはノーサンブリア王国の首都となり，大司教座が置かれてイングランド北部の宗教中心地としても発展。中世には羊毛取引の中心地となり繁栄。その後ロンドンとの競争に敗れて経済的には衰えたが，政治，宗教の中心地としてとどまった。農牧地帯の集散地で，鉄道設備，製菓，精密機器などの工業がある。ローマ時代の要塞跡，中世の城壁，ミンスターとして知られる聖ピーター大聖堂（13～15世紀）やその北翼廊の『ファイブ・シスターズ』（1260）をはじめとする多数の聖堂や修道院，貿易商組合ホールなど，歴史を反映する史跡や古い建築物が多く，観光業も盛ん。古くから交通の要地でもあり，放射状に鉄道，道路が延びる。面積 272km2。人口 19万1800（2006推計）。

ヨーク
York， Henry Benedict Maria Clement， Cardinal Duke of

[生]1725.3.6. ローマ
[没]1807.7.13. ローマ近郊
イギリスの王家スチュアート家出身の枢機卿。国王ジェームズ2世の孫，大王位僭称者 J.F.E.スチュアートの次男，小王位僭称者 C.E.スチュアートの弟。スチュアート家の王位回復を目指すジャコバイト派の反乱に参加したが失敗し，1747年以後ローマ教会の聖職に専念，47年枢機卿，59年コリント大司教，61年トゥスカルムの司教となる。イタリア初の神学校の創立で知られ，教皇選出会議メンバーとして信望を得た。政治への積極的参加は望まなかったが，88年兄スチュアートの死後，スチュアート家正統を主張し，イギリス王ヘンリー9世と称する旨の宣言を発したが，彼の没後スチュアート家直系の血統は絶えた。

ヨーク
Yorke， Francis Reginald Stevens

[生]1906.12.3.
[没]1962.6.10.
イギリスの建築家。バーミンガムの建築学校を卒業後，ヨーロッパ各国に遊学，『近代住宅』 Modern House (1934) ，『近代アパート』 Modern Flat (37) などを書いた。保守的だったイギリス建築界に国際様式を紹介し，みずからも多数の近代住宅の設計を試みた。 1935～37年は M.ブロイアーと共同し，44年以降，E.ローゼンバーグ，C.マードールと共同事務所を経営し，住宅や病院，学校などを手がけた。個人的色彩の強い仕事としては，サセックス県ギャッツウィック空港ターミナル (58) ，ロンドンのヨーク事務所ビル (61) がある。

ヨーク
York

アメリカ合衆国，ペンシルバニア州南東部にある都市。ハリスバーグの南南東約 45kmに位置する。サスケハナ川以西のペンシルバニア州最初の定住地で，1741年ライン地方のドイツ人とイギリス人が入植。 77年イギリスがフィラデルフィアに進攻したとき，大陸会議がヨークに移り，ここに翌年まで首都がおかれた。豊かな農業地帯を背景とする商業の中心地。冷凍，空調設備，水力タービン，ピアノなどの工業も発達。ペンシルバニア州立大学ヨーク校，クェーカー教会堂，ファークワー公園がある。人口4万 2192 (1990) 。

ヨーク
York

アメリカ合衆国，メーン州南西部の大西洋に面する古い町。ポートランドの南西約 65kmに位置する。 1624年建設され，41年にジョージアナ市として認可。アメリカ大陸最初のイギリス人都市となったが，92年にはインディアンとの戦いでほとんど全滅した。現在は地方の行政中心地，また観光・保養地となり，多くの歴史的な建物が復元されている。人口 9818 (1990) 。

ヨーク
yoke

服飾では本来衣服の肩やスカートの腰の部分の当て布をさすが，広くは単にこれらの部分を上下に切替えた上の部分をさす。ヨークの下側にはプリーツ，タック，ギャザーなどを入れて，ゆとりをもたせることが多い。

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