Rowlatt Act

Japanese: ローラット法 - ろーらっとほう(英語表記)Rowlatt Act
Rowlatt Act

This law was enacted by the Indian government in March 1919 to replace the Defence of India Act in order to suppress anti-British movements in India after World War I. To be precise, it is called the Anarchist and Revolutionary Crimes Act. The basis of this law was the report of a committee appointed in 1917 to investigate the security situation in India and how to deal with it, and it was named after its chairman, S. Rowlatt. It was a law aimed at extraordinarily suppressing nationalist movements, such as arresting people without warrants and imprisoning them without normal court procedures. It caused strong opposition within India from the time it was submitted as a bill, and the movement intensified further with the Jallianwala Bagh (Amritsar) massacre in April 1919. It can be said that this act was the catalyst for the development of the first Satyagraha (non-violent resistance) movement led by Gandhi, which was a mass anti-imperialist struggle in India after World War I.

[Masao Naito]

[References] | Amritsar incident

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

第一次世界大戦後、インド内の反英運動を弾圧するために、インド防衛法にかわるものとして1919年3月にインド政庁が成立させた法律。正確には「無政府・革命分子犯罪取締法」という。この法律のもととなったのは、17年にインドの治安状況とその対策の調査のため任命された委員会の報告で、その委員長S・ローラットの名を冠してこの名でよばれる。逮捕状なしの逮捕、普通の裁判手続抜きの投獄など、民族運動への法外な弾圧を目ざす治安維持法であった。法案として提出された段階からインド内の激しい反対運動をもたらしたが、19年4月のジャリアンワーラーバーグ(アムリッツァル)虐殺事件によってその運動はいっそう激化し、ガンディーに指導される第一次サティヤーグラハ(非暴力的抵抗)運動とよばれる、第一次大戦後のインドの大衆的反帝国主義闘争展開へのきっかけをつくったものといえる。

[内藤雅雄]

[参照項目] | アムリッツァル事件

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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