A type of pyroclastic rock, it is a hard glassy rock with parallel lenticular obsidian. When a large amount of volcanic ash accumulates thickly while maintaining high temperatures, the ash particles fuse together and are crushed by the weight of the deposits themselves to form flat obsidian lenses. Welded tuff is common in island arcs, and is found in volcanic ash flow deposits created by explosive eruptions, and in rare cases, in parts of volcanic ash fall deposits. In the case of volcanic ash flow deposits, the base is unwelded tuff, the top is heavily welded tuff, the top is slightly welded tuff, and the top is unwelded tuff, forming a zonal structure. Welded tuff is dense and hard, even in areas other than the obsidian lenses, and has a smaller porosity than unwelded tuff. It looks like lava, and has well-developed columnar joints. Sounkyo in the northern part of Mount Daisetsu in Hokkaido, Yabakei in northern Oita Prefecture, and Takachiho Gorge in northern Miyazaki Prefecture and southeastern Aso are all valleys formed by welded tuff with well-developed columnar joints. [Tokiko Chiba] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
火山砕屑(さいせつ)岩の一種で、レンズ状の黒曜岩が平行に配列しているガラス質の堅い岩石。多量の火山灰が高温を保ったまま厚く堆積(たいせき)すると、火山灰粒子が互いに溶結し、堆積物自体の重さで押しつぶされて平らな黒曜岩レンズができる。溶結凝灰岩は島弧に多く、爆発的噴火で生じた火山灰流堆積物や、まれには降下火山灰堆積物の一部分が溶結凝灰岩になっている。火山灰流堆積物の場合には、基底部分が溶結していない凝灰岩、その上が溶結の著しい溶結凝灰岩、わずかに溶結した溶結凝灰岩と移化し、上部は溶結していない凝灰岩という累帯構造をとる。溶結凝灰岩は黒曜岩レンズ以外の部分も緻密(ちみつ)で堅く、非溶結の凝灰岩よりも空隙(くうげき)率が小さい。外観は溶岩のようで、柱状節理が発達する。北海道大雪山北部の層雲峡(そううんきょう)、大分県北部の耶馬渓(やばけい)、宮崎県北部、阿蘇(あそ)南東部の高千穂(たかちほ)峡などは、いずれも柱状節理の発達した溶結凝灰岩のつくる渓谷である。 [千葉とき子] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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