Kirishima volcanic belt

Japanese: 霧島火山帯 - きりしまかざんたい
Kirishima volcanic belt

This volcanic belt stretches from Mount Aso in Kyushu at its northern end, through Mount Kirishima, the Tokara Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, and Okinawa Torishima (also called Iou Torishima or Ryukyu Torishima), to the northern tip of Taiwan. It is also called the Ryukyu Volcanic Belt, but it is now lumped together as the Western Japan Volcanic Belt, and the name Kirishima Volcanic Belt is not often used. It is a Quaternary volcanic belt made mainly of andesite, and in the north there are four large calderas: Aso, Aira, Ibusuki (Ata), and Kikai. The pyroclastic flow deposits released by the eruptions that created these calderas during the Pleistocene Epoch (Pleistocene, about 2.6 million to 10,000 years ago) are commonly called ashstone or shirasu, and cover a wide area from central to southern Kyushu. There are a number of active volcanoes in the area, including Mount Aso, Mount Kirishima, Sakurajima, Kaimon, Tokara-iojima, Kuchinoerabujima, Nakanoshima, Suwanosejima, and Okinawa Torishima, but beyond Okinawa Torishima, there are only records of undersea eruptions off the northeast coast of Iriomote Island in the Sakishima Islands, and the actual situation is not yet clear.

[Akira Suwa and Setsya Nakata]

[References] | Mt. Aso | Volcanic Zone | Caldera | Mt. Kirishima | Western Japan Volcanic Zone
Mount Aso (Crater group of Nakadake)
The first crater is in the center of the photo, and the second crater is on the left. Aso-Kuju National Park. Aso City, Kumamoto Prefecture and Minamiaso Village, Aso District ©Ministry of the Environment ">

Mount Aso (Crater group of Nakadake)

Sakurajima
Photographed from the northwest. Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park. Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Prefecture ©Shogakukan ">

Sakurajima

Mt. Kaimon
View from Nagasaki-hana to the southeast. Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park. Ibusuki City, Kagoshima Prefecture. © Kagoshima Tourism Federation .

Mt. Kaimon

Iwo Jima (Kagoshima Prefecture)
Photographed from the east. Mishima Village, Kagoshima County, Kagoshima Prefecture © Kagoshima Tourism Federation, Public Interest Incorporated Association

Iwo Jima (Kagoshima Prefecture)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

九州の阿蘇山(あそさん)を北端とし、霧島山(やま)から、鹿児島県の吐噶喇(とから)列島、沖縄鳥島(とりしま)(硫黄(いおう)鳥島、琉球(りゅうきゅう)鳥島ともいう)を経て、台湾北端へ連なる火山帯。琉球火山帯ともいうが、現在では西日本火山帯として一括され、霧島火山帯という名称はあまり用いられない。おもに安山岩からなる第四紀の火山帯で、北部には阿蘇、姶良(あいら)、指宿(いぶすき)(阿多(あた))、鬼界(きかい)の四大カルデラがある。更新世(洪積世。約260万~1万年前)に、これらのカルデラをつくった噴火で放出された火砕流堆積(たいせき)物は灰石(はいいし)やシラスなどと通称され、九州中~南部を広く覆っている。阿蘇山、霧島山、桜島、開聞(かいもん)岳、吐噶喇硫黄島、口永良部(くちのえらぶ)島、中之島、諏訪瀬(すわのせ)島、沖縄鳥島などの活火山が並んでいるが、沖縄鳥島から先は、先島(さきしま)諸島西表(いりおもて)島北東沖での海底噴火の記録があるだけで、実態はつかめていない。

[諏訪 彰・中田節也]

[参照項目] | 阿蘇山 | 火山帯 | カルデラ | 霧島山 | 西日本火山帯
阿蘇山(中岳の火口群)
写真中央が第一火口、左が第二火口。阿蘇くじゅう国立公園域。熊本県阿蘇市・阿蘇郡南阿蘇村©環境省">

阿蘇山(中岳の火口群)

桜島
北西上空より撮影。霧島錦江湾国立公園域。鹿児島県鹿児島市©Shogakukan">

桜島

開聞岳
南東の長崎鼻からの眺望。霧島錦江湾国立公園域。鹿児島県指宿市©公益社団法人鹿児島県観光連盟">

開聞岳

硫黄島〈鹿児島県〉
東方上空より撮影。鹿児島県鹿児島郡三島村©公益社団法人鹿児島県観光連盟">

硫黄島〈鹿児島県〉


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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