A dynasty (c. 2130-2021) founded by Ur-Nammu, the deputy of King Utkegal of Uruk, who defeated the oppression of the Gutians, which had lasted for about a century since around 2230 BC. It is also called the Neo-Sumerian period. It reconquered the territory up to the time of Sargon, and domestically revived agriculture and commerce, which had declined during the Gutian period. According to a badly damaged clay tablet excavated in Nippur, Ur-Nammu compiled what is probably the oldest legal code in the world, about 300 years before Hammurabi. Many temples and ziggurats were built in Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Nippur, and other places during the reign of the next king, Shulgi, and many ruins still remain. It marked the last glorious period of Sumer until the time of the following king, Amar-Sin. However, during the reign of Shu-Sin and Ibi-Sin (reigned 2046-21 BC), nomadic Elamites and Amorites invaded, and the Elamites destroyed the walls of Ur. Ibi-Sin was then exiled to Iran, and the dynasty came to an end. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
前 2230年頃から約1世紀続いたグティ人の圧政を退けた,ウルクの王ウトゥケガルの代官ウル=ナンムにより創始された王朝 (前 2130頃~2021) 。新シュメール時代とも呼ばれる。サルゴン時代までの領土を再征服し,内政的にはグティ時代に衰退した農業や商業を復活させた。ニップール出土のかなり破損の激しい粘土板によれば,ウル=ナンムはハンムラビより約 300年早く,おそらく世界最古の法典を編纂している。次の王シュルギ時代にかけてウル,ウルク,エリドゥ,ニップールなどに多くの神殿およびジッグラトが建立され,その多くの遺跡が現存している。続くアマル=シンまでシュメール最後の栄光の時代を画した。しかしシュ=シン,イビ=シン (在位前 2046~21) の時代に遊牧民のエラム人やアモリ人が侵入し,エラム人がウルの城壁を破壊,その後イビ=シンがイランに連れ去られ王朝は滅亡した。
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