Import and Export Transactions Law

Japanese: 輸出入取引法 - ゆしゅつにゅうとりひきほう

Law No. 299 of 1952. A law exempting trade-related cartels from the application of the Antimonopoly Act. After World War II, Japan's trade industry was thrown into fierce international competition with a weakened constitution, which led to cheap sales and poor quality due to excessive competition, but the formation and strengthening of trade associations was hindered by the restrictions of the Antimonopoly Act. In 1952, the Export Transactions Act was enacted to exempt export cartels from the application of the Antimonopoly Act, modeled after the Webb-Pomerene Act (an antitrust law enacted in 1918) in the United States. The following year, import cartels were also recognized, and the name was changed to the Import and Export Transactions Act. Furthermore, the acceptance of cartels was expanded and regulations were relaxed. The outline of the law is as follows: (1) Prohibition of unfair export transactions, (2) Recognition of the conclusion of agreements and the establishment of associations regarding import and export transactions, and exemption from the application of the Antimonopoly Act, and (3) Restrictions when outsiders to agreements and associations hinder the establishment of trade order.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

昭和 27年法律 299号。貿易関係のカルテルを独占禁止法の適用から除外する法律。第2次世界大戦後日本の貿易業界は，弱体化した体質のまま激しい国際競争のなかへ投出され，過当競争による安売りと品質の粗悪化を招いたが，貿易業者の組合の結成と強化は，独占禁止法の制約を受けてはかどらなかった。 1952年アメリカのウェッブ＝ポメリーン法 Webb-Pomerene Act (1918年制定の反トラスト法) にならって，輸出カルテルを独占禁止法の適用除外とするため，輸出取引法が定められ，翌年輸入カルテルをも認めることとなって，輸出入取引法と改称，さらにカルテル容認の拡大，規制の緩和が行われた。法律の概要は，(1) 不公正な輸出取引の禁止，(2) 輸出入取引に関する協定の締結や組合の設立を認め，独占禁止法の適用除外とする，(3) 協定や組合のアウトサイダーが取引秩序の確立を妨げるときの規制などである。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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