Yue - Hue (English spelling)

Japanese: ユエ - ゆえ（英語表記）Hue

The capital of Thua Thien Province in central Vietnam. It is also called Hue, and written in Chinese as 'junka'. It is located about halfway between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, about 16 km inland from the South China Sea, on a narrow plain on the eastern slope of the Annamite Mountains. It has a population of 271,900 (estimated in 2003). As a historic city, many of its residents are Buddhists and intellectuals. The city is divided into north and south by the Phong Giang River (Fragrant River), with a market in the south and a royal palace and fortress in the north, and is rich in historical relics and ruins. There are also many Cham ruins, and their relics are stored in the museum. During the Vietnam War, 90% of the city was destroyed in the Tet Offensive in 1968, but reconstruction is currently underway.

[Kikuchi Kazumasa]

history

It was not originally an area inhabited by Vietnamese people, and in the 3rd century it was on the outskirts of Lin Yu (Champa), but in the 10th century it became the center of the two provinces of Wu and Li in the northern part of Champa. However, during the history of the Vietnamese advance southward, Emperor Yingzong of the Trinh Dynasty (Trang Dynasty) used a cunning strategy to seize the two provinces of Wu and Li from Champa (1307), and renamed them Shunzhou and Huazhou. The name Shunhua came about, and the corrupted pronunciation of Hoa, Hue (Yue), became the common name. During the latter half of the Le Dynasty, when the Nguyen clan, who became the guardian of Shun Hwa, were in conflict with the Trinh clan to the north, the Nguyen clan established their base in Fūchūn (Shun Hwa). However, during the Tay Son Rebellion at the end of the Le Dynasty, the Trinh clan's forces took control of the city and occupied it (1774). The Nguyen clan fled to the south and was destroyed.

Later, when the Xixan Party began their expedition northward, Hue came into their hands, and when they defeated the Xixan Party and established the Nguyen Dynasty (1806), Hue became its royal capital. In 1882, it was occupied by the French army that invaded Vietnam, and after the Nguyen Dynasty became a French protectorate under the Treaty of Hue (1883), it served as the capital of the Annam protectorate until independence in 1945, and developed into a city in stark contrast to the political city of Hanoi and the commercial city of Saigon.

[Kunie Kawamoto]

[References] | Tyson Rebellion

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ベトナム中部、トゥアティエン省の省都。フエともよばれ、漢字では順化と書く。ハノイとホー・チ・ミンのほぼ中間、南シナ海から約16キロメートル内陸のアンナン山脈東斜面の狭い平野に位置する。人口27万1900（2003推計）。歴史的都市のために、住民には仏教徒、知識人が多い。市内はフォンザン川（香江）によって南北に分かれ、南部にはマーケット、北部には王宮や要塞(ようさい)などがあり、歴史的な遺物、遺跡に富んでいる。チャム人の遺跡も多く、博物館にはその遺物が納められている。ベトナム戦争中、1968年のテト攻勢で市街の9割が破壊されたが現在は復興が進んでいる。

［菊池一雅］

歴史

もともとベトナム人の居住地ではなく、3世紀に林邑(りんゆう)（チャンパ）の辺境であったが、10世紀にはチャンパ領北部、烏(う)・里2州の中心となっていた。しかし、ベトナム人の南進の歴史のなかで陳(ちん)朝（チャン朝）の英宗が策略をもってチャンパから烏・里2州を奪い（1307）、順州、化州と改めてから順化の名がおこるとともに、化（ホア）の訛音(かおん)フエ（ユエ）が通称となった。黎(れい)朝（レ朝）後半、順化の鎮守となった阮(げん)（グエン）氏が北方の鄭(てい)（チン）氏と対抗した南北分裂期に、阮氏はその居城を富春（順化）に定めたが、黎朝末の西山党（タイソン党）の乱に乗じた鄭氏軍によって占領され（1774）、阮氏は南方に逃げて滅亡した。

　その後西山党が北征を開始するとフエはその手中に帰し、西山党を滅ぼして阮朝が成立（1806）するとその王都となった。1882年ベトナムを侵略したフランス軍に占領され、フエ条約（1883）で阮朝がフランスの保護王朝となったのち、1945年の独立まで保護領安南の首府であり、政治都市ハノイや商業都市サイゴンとは際だって対照的な都市として発展した。

［川本邦衛］

[参照項目] | タイソン党の乱

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