Albumin - arubumin (English spelling)

Japanese: アルブミン - あるぶみん(英語表記)albumin
Albumin - arubumin (English spelling)

A group in the classification of proteins. Animal albumins include egg albumin, serum albumin, and lactalbumin in milk, while plant albumins include leucosin in wheat, legumain in peas, and ricin in castor beans. Albumin was originally defined based on a classification method for proteins proposed by the British Physiological Society in 1907. According to this method, simple proteins composed only of amino acids were classified as albumins, which were highly soluble in water, and globulins, which were poorly soluble in water. However, it is now known that the albumin classification includes a variety of proteins with different molecular weights, amino acid compositions, and roles. Furthermore, egg albumin, one of the most well-known albumins, was once thought to be a simple protein, but it has now been revealed that it is a complex protein that contains sugars and phosphates in addition to amino acids.

[Kenichi Kasai]

[Reference] | Globulin | Protein

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

タンパク質の分類上の一つのグループ。動物のアルブミンには卵白アルブミン、血清アルブミン、乳汁のラクトアルブミンなどがあり、植物のアルブミンにはムギのロイコシン、エンドウのレグメイン、トウゴマのリシンなどがある。アルブミンの定義は、もともと1907年にイギリス生理学会が提案したタンパク質の分類法によっている。これによると、アミノ酸だけで構成される単純タンパク質のうち、水によく溶けるものをアルブミン、水に溶けにくいものをグロブリンと分類した。しかし現在では、アルブミンという分類のなかには、分子量やアミノ酸組成、役割などの異なるさまざまなタンパク質が含まれていることがわかっている。また、代表的なアルブミンの一つである卵白アルブミンは、かつて単純タンパク質と考えられていたが、アミノ酸以外に糖やリン酸を含む複合タンパク質であることも明らかになった。

[笠井献一]

[参照項目] | グロブリン | タンパク質

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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