A folktale. One of the unusual birth stories, the theme of which is the adventures of a hero born from a fruit. There is an old couple with no children. When the old woman picks up a melon in the river and tries to eat it with the old man, a girl is born. The princess grows up and becomes skilled at weaving. When the wedding approaches, Amanojaku (contrary demon) appears, tricks the princess, ties her to a tree, and transforms into the princess. During the wedding, a voice is heard from the tree saying that Amanojaku is going to get married. Amanojaku is killed, and the princess is rescued and gets married safely. In this folktale, Amanojaku is a monster that gets in the way of people. This folktale is distributed in a relatively organized form, and can also be found in the Muromachi period tales "Urihime Monogatari" and "Kyushoran" (1830). In China, there is a folk tale about a hero born from a melon that grows in a field, and while it has been noted that this tale forms a pair with "Momotaro," "Uri-kohime" has its own history. It is a Japanese variation of the folk tale "The Three Oranges," which is found in Europe, Turkey, India, Burma (Myanmar), Tibet, and other places. In eastern Japan, the princess is said to be killed and a small bird announces the incident, while in western Japan, she is not killed at all. However, when compared to "The Three Oranges," the original story may have been that the princess was killed and turned into a small bird, and then revived and returned to her original form after Amanojaku was killed. [Yo Kojima] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
昔話。果物から生まれた主人公の冒険を主題にした異常誕生譚(たん)の一つ。子供のいない老夫婦がある。婆(ばば)が川で瓜を拾い、爺(じじ)といっしょに食べようとすると女の子が生まれる。姫は成長して機(はた)織りが上手になる。嫁入りが近づいたとき、天邪鬼(あまのじゃく)がきて、姫をだまして木に縛り付け、姫に化ける。嫁入りの途中、木の上から、天邪鬼が嫁に行くという声がする。天邪鬼は殺され、助け出された姫が無事に嫁入りする。この昔話では、天邪鬼は、人の邪魔をする妖怪(ようかい)とされている。比較的まとまった形で分布している昔話で、室町期の物語草子の『瓜姫物語』や、『嬉遊笑覧(きゆうしょうらん)』(1830)にもみえる。中国には、畑にできた瓜から生まれた英雄の昔話もあり、「桃太郎」と一対をなすことが注目されてきたが、「瓜子姫」には独自の歴史がある。ヨーロッパをはじめ、トルコ、インド、ビルマ(ミャンマー)、チベットなどに広がる「三つのみかん」の昔話の日本的変化である。東日本では、姫は殺されて小鳥が事件を告げるとし、西日本では殺されなかったように伝えるが、「三つのみかん」と比較すると、姫は殺されて小鳥の姿になり、天邪鬼が殺されたのち、よみがえって元の姿に戻ったというのが原形であったかもしれない。 [小島瓔] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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