An ancient Christian heresy named after its proponent, Arius. It emphasized the oneness of God in accordance with the speculations of Greek philosophy. Therefore, even if Jesus Christ is called the "Son of God," he is not recognized as an eternal being equal to God the Father, but is still a creature created by God from nothing, even if he occupies an incomparably superior position. In response to this, orthodox Trinitarians including Athanasius rejected Arianism at the Council of Nicaea (325) and declared that Christ is of the same essence as God. Otherwise, he could not be the true mediator of God. However, Arianism continued to exert a great influence in cooperation with political power. It was an idea that the biblical and salvation-historical Christian faith had to confront when it was conveyed to the philosophical and cosmological Hellenistic world. [Momose Fumiaki] "History of Christianity, Volume 2, edited by the Institute of Medieval Thought, Sophia University (1980, Kodansha)" [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代のキリスト教異端説で、その主唱者アリウスにちなんでこうよばれる。ギリシア哲学の思弁にのっとって、神の唯一絶対性を強調した。したがってイエス・キリストを「神の子」とよんでも、けっして父なる神に等しい永遠者とは認めず、たとえ比類なく優れた位置を占めるとしても、やはり神によって無からつくられた被造物であるとする。これに対して、アタナシウスをはじめとする正統的三位(さんみ)一体論者は、ニカイア公会議(325)においてアリウス主義を排斥し、キリストが神と同一本質を有することを宣言した。そうでなければ、真の神の仲介者たりえないからである。しかし、アリウス主義は、その後も政治権力と手を結んで多大な影響を及ぼした。聖書的、救済史的キリスト教信仰が、哲学的、宇宙論的ヘレニズム世界に伝えられる際に、必然的に対決せざるをえなかった思想である。 [百瀬文晃] 『上智大学中世思想研究所編『キリスト教史 第二巻』(1980・講談社)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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