A black psychiatrist and thinker from Martinique in the French West Indies. He studied psychiatry in France and became a doctor, but made his mark with Black Skin, White Masks (1952), an analysis of the contradictory position of black people in white society. He then worked at a hospital in Algeria, but resonated with the Algerian independence movement and left the hospital in 1956 to join the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN), becoming its leading theorist. He died in America in 1961 while recuperating from an illness, without seeing Algerian independence. However, his works, especially The Cursed of the Earth (1961), are not only books of anti-colonial theory that denounce the colonial system as violence itself, but also have had a major impact on nationalist movements in the Third World and the black liberation movement in America as a book of fundamental criticism of European civilization. [Tetsuya Hirase] The Collected Works of Franz Fanon, 4 volumes (1969-1970, Misuzu Shobo) ▽ The Cursed of the Earth, translated by Suzuki Michihiko and Urano Ieko (1996, Misuzu Shobo) ▽ Black Skin, White Masks, translated by Ebisaka Takeshi and Kato Haruhisa (1998, Misuzu Shobo) ▽ Toward an African Revolution, new edition, by Fanon, translated by Kitayama Seiichi (2008, Misuzu Shobo) ▽ The Sociology of Revolution, new edition, by Fanon, translated by Miyagaya Tokuzo, Hanawa Kanji and Ebisaka Takeshi (2008, Misuzu Shobo) ▽ Franz Fanon, by Ebisaka Takeshi (2006, Misuzu Shobo) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス領西インド諸島のマルティニーク島出身の黒人精神科医、思想家。フランスで精神医学を修め医師となるが、白人社会における黒人の矛盾に満ちた立場を分析した『黒い皮膚、白い仮面』(1952)で世に出た。ついでアルジェリアの病院に勤務したが、アルジェリア独立運動に共鳴して1956年病院を辞しアルジェリア民族解放戦線(FLN)に参加し、その指導的理論家となった。アルジェリア独立をみることなく1961年病気療養先のアメリカで客死するが、その著作とくに『地に呪(のろ)われたる者』(1961)は単に植民地体制を暴力そのものであると告発した反植民地主義の理論の書であるばかりでなく、ヨーロッパ文明に対する根源的批判の書として第三世界の民族運動やアメリカの黒人解放運動に大きな影響を与えた。 [平瀬徹也] 『『フランツ・ファノン著作集』全4巻(1969~1970・みすず書房)』▽『鈴木道彦・浦野衣子訳『地に呪われたる者』(1996・みすず書房)』▽『海老坂武・加藤晴久訳『黒い皮膚・白い仮面』(1998・みすず書房)』▽『ファノン著、北山晴一訳『アフリカ革命に向けて』新装版(2008・みすず書房)』▽『ファノン著、宮ヶ谷徳三・花輪莞爾・海老坂武訳『革命の社会学』新装版(2008・みすず書房)』▽『海老坂武著『フランツ・ファノン』(2006・みすず書房)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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