…In contrast to free electrons, electrons that are bound to atoms or molecules and cannot move freely are called bound electrons. The concept of free electrons in matter was first proposed at the beginning of the 20th century by Germans Paul Karl Ludwig Drude (1863-1906) and HA Lorentz, who showed that if the valence electrons of a metal are considered to exist as a gas of free electrons, the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and optical properties of the metal can be roughly explained. This approach is called the classical free electron model, and one of its successes is that it can explain the Wiedemann-Franz law, which states that the ratio of the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of a metal is the same regardless of the type of metal at the same temperature. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Drude, PKL" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…自由電子に対して,原子や分子などの中に束縛されて自由に運動できない電子は束縛電子bound electronと呼ばれる。物質中の自由電子の概念は,20世紀の初め,ドイツのドルーデPaul Karl Ludwig Drude(1863‐1906)とH.A.ローレンツが,金属の価電子が自由電子のガスとして存在すると考えると,金属の電気伝導,熱伝導,光学的性質などをおおよそ説明できることを示したのが最初である。このような考え方を古典自由電子模型と呼んでいるが,この成功の一つは,金属の電気伝導度と熱伝導度との比は同一温度では金属の種類によらず同一の値をもつというウィーデマン=フランツの法則を説明できたことである。… ※「Drude,P.K.L.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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