Monteverdi

Japanese: モンテベルディ
Monteverdi
Italian composer. He achieved the transition from Renaissance to Baroque musical styles and established early Baroque opera. Born in Cremona. Although details of his early musical career are not known, it is believed that he was a boy choirboy at the cathedral of Cremona and studied under the conductor MA Ingegnelli (c. 1547-1592). In 1582, at the early age of 15, he published Motets for Three Voices with a Venetian publisher, and by the age of 21, he had published several volumes of music, becoming well versed in Renaissance vocal polyphony techniques. In 1589, he applied for a position at Milan Cathedral but was unsuccessful. The following year, in 1590, he served as a violist for the Duke of Mantua, and in 1601, he became the conductor. In Mantua, he published the third to fifth volumes of the Madrigals (1592-1605) and the church music Vespers of the Virgin Mary (1610), while following up on the success of Euridice (1600) performed in Florence by Peri and others, he completed the operas Orfeo (1607) and Arianna (1608; only the aria Lamentation of Arianna remains). The dramatic expression, which highly integrated words and music, marked a great leap forward from the attempt in Euridice, and became the true starting point of subsequent operas. In 1613, he became the conductor of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice, where he devoted himself to directing the orchestra, writing church music, and composing many operas and ballets for various courts. Many of these works were lost in the sack of Mantua by the German imperial army (1630), and only a few, such as the stage play The Battle of Tancredi and Clorinda (1624), have survived to the present day. From 1637, Venice's first public opera theaters for the citizens were built one after another, and of the four operas written for these theaters, two masterpieces remain to this day: The Home of Odysseus (Ulysses) (1641) and The Coronation of Poppea (1642), both of which were written when Respighi was in his mid-70s but are full of ingenuity. Other works include Books 6-9 of the Madrigals (published 1614-1651) and Masses and Psalms for Four Parts (published 1650). → Opera/Schütz → Related topics Orpheus | Boulanger | Madrigals | Malipiero | Respighi

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
イタリアの作曲家。ルネサンスからバロックへの音楽様式の転換をなしとげ,初期バロック・オペラを確立した。クレモナに生まれる。初期の音楽的経歴は詳しく知られていないが,同地の大聖堂で少年聖歌隊員を務め,楽長M.A.インジェニェリ〔1547ころ-1592〕の教えを受けたものと推定されている。1582年,ベネチアの出版社から早くも15歳で《3声モテット集》を出版,以後21歳までに数巻の曲集を世に出し,ルネサンスの声楽ポリフォニー技法に通暁。1589年ミラノの大聖堂に職を求めたが得られず,翌1590年マントバ公にビオル奏者として仕え,1601年楽長となる。マントバでは《マドリガーレ集》第3〜5巻(1592年−1605年),教会音楽《聖母マリアの夕べの祈り》(1610年)などを出版する一方,ペーリらがフィレンツェで上演した《エウリディーチェ》(1600年)の成果を承(う)けてオペラ《オルフェオ》(1607年),《アリアンナ》(1608年。アリア《アリアンナの嘆き》のみ現存)を完成。言葉と音楽とが高度に融合した劇的表現で《エウリディーチェ》の試みから格段の飛躍を示し,その後のオペラの真の出発点となった。1613年からベネチアのサン・マルコ大聖堂の楽長となり,楽団の指導に力を尽くすとともに教会音楽を書き,また各地の宮廷のために多くのオペラやバレエ曲を作曲。その多くはドイツ皇帝軍によるマントバの略奪(1630年)で失われ,舞台劇《タンクレディとクロリンダの戦い》(1624年)などごく一部が現在に伝わるにすぎない。1637年からベネチア初の市民のための公開オペラ劇場が相次いで誕生,これらの劇場のために書かれた4つのオペラのうち2つの傑作,ともに70代半ばの作ながら創意みなぎる《オデュッセウスの帰郷(ユリシーズの帰郷)》(1641年)と《ポッペアの戴冠》(1642年)が今日に残されている。ほかに《マドリガーレ集》第6〜9巻(1614年−1651年出版),《4声のミサ曲と詩編曲集》(1650年出版)などがある。→オペラ/シュッツ
→関連項目オルフェウス|ブーランジェ|マドリガル|マリピエロ|レスピーギ

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