A representative philosopher of the 18th century British school of moral sense. Born in Ulster, Northern Ireland, he graduated from the University of Glasgow. He later became the first British philosopher to be appointed professor at the same university. Following the ideas of the Earl of Shaftesbury, he argued that the human mind has an altruistic tendency independent of selfish tendencies, and that, like the aesthetic sense, there is a natural and universal moral sense, selfless charity, which distinguishes between right and wrong, and he identified virtue with universal charity. It is also noteworthy that he used a phrase almost identical to the utilitarians' "greatest happiness of the greatest number" as the standard of good, which is the tendency toward universal happiness. His major works include "The Origin of the Ideas of Beauty and Virtue" (1725) and "A System of Moral Philosophy" in two volumes (1755). [Takahide Tsunoshita July 21, 2015] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
18世紀イギリスの道徳感覚学派を代表する哲学者。北アイルランドのアルスターに生まれ、グラスゴー大学を卒業。のちにイギリス哲学者としては初めての教授職につき、同大学教授となる。彼はシャフツベリ伯の考えを受け継いで、人間の心性には利己的傾向とは独立に利他的傾向があり、また美的感覚と同様に、正邪の別を判断する自然で普遍的な道徳感覚、無私の慈愛があると主張し、徳を普遍的な慈愛と同一視した。また、普遍的幸福への傾向を善の基準として、功利主義者の「最大多数の最大幸福」とほぼ同じ句を用いていることは注目に値する。主著に『美および徳の観念の起源』(1725)、『道徳哲学体系』2巻(1755)などがある。 [杖下隆英 2015年7月21日] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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