Francis Hutcheson

Japanese: ハチソン - はちそん(英語表記)Francis Hutcheson
Francis Hutcheson

A representative philosopher of the 18th century British school of moral sense. Born in Ulster, Northern Ireland, he graduated from the University of Glasgow. He later became the first British philosopher to be appointed professor at the same university. Following the ideas of the Earl of Shaftesbury, he argued that the human mind has an altruistic tendency independent of selfish tendencies, and that, like the aesthetic sense, there is a natural and universal moral sense, selfless charity, which distinguishes between right and wrong, and he identified virtue with universal charity. It is also noteworthy that he used a phrase almost identical to the utilitarians' "greatest happiness of the greatest number" as the standard of good, which is the tendency toward universal happiness. His major works include "The Origin of the Ideas of Beauty and Virtue" (1725) and "A System of Moral Philosophy" in two volumes (1755).

[Takahide Tsunoshita July 21, 2015]

[References] | The greatest happiness of the greatest number of people | Earl of Shaftesbury | The Moral Sense School

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

18世紀イギリスの道徳感覚学派を代表する哲学者。北アイルランドのアルスターに生まれ、グラスゴー大学を卒業。のちにイギリス哲学者としては初めての教授職につき、同大学教授となる。彼はシャフツベリ伯の考えを受け継いで、人間の心性には利己的傾向とは独立に利他的傾向があり、また美的感覚と同様に、正邪の別を判断する自然で普遍的な道徳感覚、無私の慈愛があると主張し、徳を普遍的な慈愛と同一視した。また、普遍的幸福への傾向を善の基準として、功利主義者の「最大多数の最大幸福」とほぼ同じ句を用いていることは注目に値する。主著に『美および徳の観念の起源』(1725)、『道徳哲学体系』2巻(1755)などがある。

[杖下隆英 2015年7月21日]

[参照項目] | 最大多数の最大幸福 | シャフツベリ伯 | 道徳感覚学派

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Yatsudeami - Yatsudeami

>>:  Hachisuka Mochiaki

Recommend

Sparkle Hands - With Sparkle

…It refers to the shine caused by metal oxides in...

Abbaye School - Abbaye is (English spelling) L'Abbaye

A group of French poets and artists. From 1906 to ...

Cultural properties

...This term came into general use under the Law ...

Local head - Jito

It refers to a type of local lord in medieval Jap...

Bigeye Pacific opah

A marine fish belonging to the order Osteichthyes...

Vlado Perlemuter

1904‐2002 A French pianist of Polish origin. He st...

Ethanoic acid (English spelling)

Another name for acetic acid. A systematic name t...

Ie Kyogen

...This refers to ceremonial kyogen that was hand...

Radonezh (English spelling)

A medieval Russian city that flourished from the 1...

Hokke Shinto - Hoke Shinto

It is one of the Buddhist Shinto beliefs based on...

Slum - slum (English spelling)

It is one of the regional pathological phenomena ...

Matthiola incana; gillyflower

A perennial plant of the Brassicaceae family. Nati...

Shaykh (English spelling)

In Arab and Islamic societies, the title of respec...

Palingenesia

…First, the text was criticized as the foundation...

Body fluids

Body fluids are the collective term for the liqui...