In Arabic, it is called Al-Mawsil. It is the capital of Ninawa Governorate in northwestern Iraq. It is located 350 km north-northwest of Baghdad, on the right bank of the Tigris River. On the opposite bank is Nineveh, famous as an ancient Assyrian city ruin. It is a key transportation point where the caravan route from Aleppo in Syria to Iran and the Tigris River water transport meet, and it has flourished as a commercial city since ancient times, especially during the Umayyad period in the 7th and 8th centuries. It was destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century, but occupied by the Ottoman Empire in 1534 and became the trading center of the empire. After World War I, Iraq gained independence from Turkey, but Turkey continued to claim sovereignty over Mosul until 1926. Since the discovery of oil in Ain Zaraf, 100 km north, in 1939, the city has developed remarkably, and as the development of the surrounding oil fields began in earnest after World War II, it became a base city for northern Iraq. It once produced high-quality cotton textiles, from which the name Muslin originated. Its main industries are cement, spinning, and sugar refining, and it is a market for the surrounding agricultural products. The city is connected to the rest of the country, as well as to Syria and Turkey, by the Baghdad-Istanbul railway and a main road. It also has an airport. The main structure is Jami al-Kabir (built in 1172), which stands in the center of the old city and is famous as a mosque with a leaning tower. Most of the older buildings date back to the 13th century. Population: 570,926 (1985 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
アラビア語ではマウシル Al-Mawsil。イラク北西部,ニーナワー県の県都。バグダードの北北西 350km,チグリス川右岸に位置する。対岸に古代アッシリアの都市遺跡として名高いニネベがある。シリアのアレッポからイランにいたる隊商路と,チグリス川水運との結節点にあたる交通の要地で,大小の隊商路がここに集って,古くから商業都市として繁栄,特に7~8世紀のウマイヤ朝の時代に最盛期を迎えた。 13世紀にはモンゴルに破壊されたが 1534年オスマン帝国に占領され,同帝国の交易中心地となった。第1次世界大戦後イラクはトルコから独立したが,1926年までトルコはモースルの領有権を主張し続けた。 39年に北方 100kmのアインザラーフで石油が発見されてからは,めざましい発展をとげ,第2次世界大戦後周辺の諸油田の開発が本格的になるにつれて,イラク北部の拠点都市となった。かつては良質の綿織物を産し,そこからモスリンの名称が生れている。セメント,紡績,精糖などが工業の中心であり,周辺の農産物の市場である。バグダード=イスタンブール鉄道,幹線道路で国内はもとより,シリア,トルコと連絡する。空港もある。おもな建造物に旧市の中央にそびえるジャーミ・アルカビール (1172建造) があり,斜塔をもったモスクとして有名。古い建造物はほとんど 13世紀のものである。人口 57万 926 (1985推計) 。
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